下界的

They even gave the infimum of α2 and showed when α2 reached the infimum. In this paper, we introduce the G graph.

他们还给出了k=2时的k-角色可分配程度α2的下确界，并回答了什么时候a2达到下确界。

It is shown that an exponentially bounded integrated bisemigroups can be considered as the integration of a strongly continuous bisemigroup of bounded linear operators in some subspace of a Banach space with stronger norm topology,and also as the restriction of a strongly continuous bisemigroup of bounded linear operators in a bigger space with weaker norm topology.

证明了Banach空间x上的指数有界积分双半群可以作为x的某个子空间上具有较强范数拓扑下的有界线性算子强连续双半群的积分，同时也可作为较大空间上具有较弱范数拓扑下的有界线性算子强连续双半群积分的限制。

Results show that obduction and napper were main tectonic movements in late Indosinian-early Yanshan period of Lower Yangtze Region, and most areas were elevated and denudated. Source rocks of lower-Paleozoic in some areas did not deep bury renewedly, and remain the Indosinian thermal evolution state. Therefore the high maturity sapropelic organic matter of lower-Paleozoic has still possessed hydrocarbon generation potential.

研究结果表明，晚印支-早燕山期，下扬子区的构造运动以逆冲推覆为主，大部分地区遭到抬升剥蚀，部分地区下古生界烃源岩抬升后晚期没有再度深埋，保留了印支期的热演化状况，因此下古生界高成熟腐泥型烃源岩现今仍具有一定的生烃潜力。

In the study of the stochastic chaos in simple pendulum, the random Melnikov process is derived and the mean-square criterion is used to determine the threshold amplitude of the bounded noise excitation for the onset of the chaos or random chaos in the system. For the coupled simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator, the Melnikov function is used to determine the condition for the onset of chaos in the case of Hamiltonian perturbations. In the case of non-Hamiltonian perturbation, the generalized random Melnikov process and mean-square criterion are used to determine the threshold amplitude of the bounded noise for the onset of random chaos.

在随机混沌研究中，应用随机Melnikov过程的均方准则研究了单摆在有界噪声激励下发生混沌或随机混沌时有界噪声激励的临界幅值；对于耦合的单摆-谐振子系统，先用Melnikov函数研究了在哈密顿扰动下发生混沌的必要条件；然后用推广的随机Melnikov过程方法研究了在非哈密顿扰动下发生随机混沌的必要条件；用最大Lyapunov指数及Poincaré截面方法结果与上述理论结果作了对比。

Chapter four studies the chaotic responses in a system consisting of simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator under bounded noise excitation. Firstly, the Melnikov function of the two-degree-of-freedom system under Hamiltonian perturbation is derived. The essential condition of the autonomous system for the probable onset of chaos is obtained, the Poincare maps of the system under small Hamiltonian perturbation and the effect of increasing perturbation on the Poincare maps are studies. Then for the non-autonomous system under damping and harmonic or bounded noise excitation, the largest Lyapunov exponent and Poincare maps are calculated. From the analysis of the largest Lyapunov exponent, the critical criterion for the onset of chaos, and the conclusion that the threshold of bounded noise amplitude for the onset of chaos in the system increases as the intensity parameter of Wiener process increases are obtained. The result from the analysis of Poincare maps is in agreement with that obtained from the Largest Lyapunov exponent. The effect of varying damping coefficient and intensity parameter of Wiener process is also analyzed.

第四章研究了有界噪声激励下的两自由度单摆—谐振子系统的混沌运动，首先推导了该两自由度系统仅在Hamilton扰动下的Melnikov函数，得到该自治系统可能产生混沌的必要条件；研究了该系统在小的Hamilton扰动和增大摄动情形下的Poincare截面；然后对有阻尼、谐和或有界噪声激励下的非自治系统数值计算了其最大Lyapunov指数和Poincare截面；从Lyapunov指数分析得到了这个两自由度系统产生混沌运动的临界条件及产生混沌的临界激励幅值随Wiener过程强度参数值的增大而增大的结论，Poincare截面分析的结果亦符合Lyapunov指数分析的结论；研究了Wiener过程强度参数、阻尼系数变化对Poincare截面的影响。

First of all this article discusses the scientific definition and appellation of transnational ethnic groups at the angle of political anthropology, then focuses attention on the restrictions and influence upon transnational ethnic groups imposed by the theories, principles and ideas such as 'the unchangeableness of the existing political boundaries',' the supremeness of state sovereignty',' competitions of the overall strength among nation-states',etc.;the author holds that these theories, prin...

文章首先从政治人类学的角度探讨了跨界民族的科学界定和称谓，随后集中探讨了"现行政治疆界不变"、"国家主权高于一切"、"综合国力较量"等理论、准则、理念对跨界民族的制约和影响。笔者认为，在一般情况下，它们不仅决定着跨界民族的民族过程取向，而且已成为解决跨界民族问题的前提，并成为目前国际关系中的一些基本原则。文章最后以非洲大陆为例，就如何正确解决跨界民族问题提出了一些对策。

In comparison with the petrography and petrochemistry of hydrothermal sedimentary albitite in the Devonian of the Qinling, combined with the fact that its Lower Paleozoic belongs to a passive continental-margin rift environment on the northern margin of the Yangtze plate,the authors think that the Lower Paleozoic albitite in question is probably of hydrothermal sedimentary origin.

通过与秦岭泥盆纪热水沉积钠长石岩的岩相学及岩石化学对比，结合本区下古生界属于扬子北缘被动陆缘裂谷环境，初步认为这里下古生界钠长石岩可能属于热水沉积成因。

The Ordos Basin is a large-scale sedimentary basin in Northwest China. From bottom up, the hydrostratigraphic units in the basin are pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks, lower-Paleozoic carbonate rocks, upper-Paleozoic to Mesozoic clastic rocks and Cenozoic deposits.

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区的大型构造沉积盆地，以前寒武系变质岩为基底，依次沉积了下古生界碳酸盐岩、上古生界一中生界碎屑岩和各种成因的新生界，总厚度达6000m。

Grain boundary slidings happen in this alloy at the creep temperature of 200 ℃ and the deformation of this alloy is coordinated by intragranular slip and grain boundary sliding.

结果表明：在125~200 ℃蠕变温度下，当蠕变寿命接近100 h时，2024铝合金的蠕变应力随着温度的升高明显下降；与125 ℃相比，150 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降9.3%，在175 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降30.3%；当蠕变温度为200 ℃时，该合金的蠕变应力下降幅度达到45.8%；在125~175 ℃下，合金在蠕变过程中的变形机制主要为位错在晶内的滑移；在200℃时，合金晶界开始发生滑移，合金变形由晶界滑移与位错在晶内的滑移协调完成；在合金蠕变断面上存在大量微孔，随着蠕变温度的升高，微孔的尺寸明显变大，当微孔尺寸超过3 μm时，微孔对合金的断裂机制有显著影响；在125和150 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现韧窝型穿晶断裂特征；在175和200 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现沿晶断裂特征。

The damping mechanism of magnesium alloy was introduced,which is belongs to dislocation damping mechanism under the room temperature.

介绍了镁合金的阻尼机理，在常温下其阻尼机制主要是位错机制，在高温条件下，由于晶界也参与滑移，所以除了位错阻尼外还有晶界阻尼的贡献。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。