下界

Based on the special pilot pattern, the frequency offset estimation is obtained by the correlation of the pilot symbols; the Cramer-Rao Low Bounder of the frequency offset estimator is given for different channels.

在该导频序列的基础上，利用导频符号之间的相关性推导出频偏估计器，得到了该估计器在不同信道下的Cramer-Rao下界。

Under the assumptuion that the lower bound of the density of the observed nonlinear AR (1) time series is known, we prove that the nonlinear wavelet estimator of the conditional mean function g, which is similiar with the one introduced in Chapter 2, still has the same good adaptive properties for this kind of nonlinear AR (1) series on account of the moment inequalities and exponential type inequalities for strong mixing processes.

在假设观测序列的的密度函数的下界已知的条件下，我们利用关于强混合过程的矩不等式以及指数型不等式证明了类似于上一章的小波估计对于非线性AR（1）模型中条件均值函数的非参数函数估计仍然具有优良的自适应性质，并同样给出了数值模拟的结果分析。

With given circumradius R and inradius r,two fundamental inequalities related to the lower bound of the area A and perimeter p of a convex set K are obtained.

在给定平面凸集K的外径R和内径r的条件下，得到了关于凸集的面积A和周长p的下界的一组不等式，并且证明了当凸集K为双帽体时不等式取得等号。

In chapter four,we give the proof of some results about the lower bound for the first eigenvalues with non-boundary condition.

第四章给出了不带边情形下的一些第一特征值下界估计的证明。

Based on the maximum principle,we construct the blowing-up lower solution by the relations of parameters and solution of the ordinary differential equation and then the blow-up properties are studied.We use the maximal principle to analyse the derivative profiles of the solution and get the lower bounds and upper bounds of blow-up rate through the complicated analysis technology and the inequality theory.

基于最大值原理的比较理论，通过一些特定的参数关系，利用相关常微分方程的解构造合适的爆破形式的下解，由此得到退化反应系统初边值问题的爆破解；然后，对爆破解的性质进行进一步的研究，利用极大值原理对解的导数特性进行了分析，给出了解的爆破速率的上、下界估计。

The property of extended sub-positive definite matrix is studied further by means of the method of matrix analysis to obtain the lower estimated Oppenheim inequality of Hadamard multiplication determinant to two extended sub-positive definite matrices under more general conditions and improve the past in the adaptation range and estimated exactness.

用矩阵分析的方法，通过对广义次正定矩阵性质的进一步研究，得到了更一般条件下的两个广义次正定矩阵的Hadamard乘积的行列式下界估计的Oppenheim不等式，在适用范围和估计精度上都改进了已有的相应结果。

In the following two cases:(1)gcd=1;(2) N=p〓, where p denotes the characteristic of the finite field GF, by using the factorization of the polynomial in finite field, the counting function N〓 is showed, the expected value of the linear complexity E〓 is determined, and a useful lower bound on the expected value of the k-error linear complexity E〓 is established.(7) The stability of the lattice structure for pseudorandom number sequences is put forward.

利用多项式的因式分解等简单工具，研究了任意有限域GF上，周期N与p互素以及N ＝P〓这两种情况下，计数函数N〓，的值，即线性复杂皮为c的N-周期序列的个数，并给出了线性复杂度的数学期望E〓的值以及k-错线性复杂度的数学期望E〓的一个有用的下界，这里p表示有限域GF的特征。

Native tongue of the Oracles and Exarchs, and their reign inWorld. Although poorly understood by modern mages, it can

很多人都相信这一点，因为它正是圣贤与总督的母语，而他们对上界的支配更给予这种语言以超越下界的力量。

Methods: The flap in the treatment group was wrapped in several layers of gauze and fixed with plaster ring with their upper edge exceeding distal flaps 1cm and lower edge on proximal, with 6-8 layers of plaster in flap, the rest of the 3 to 4 layers.

治疗组以数层纱布包裹皮瓣后，石膏环形固定，上界超过皮瓣远端1cm，下界平皮瓣近端，皮瓣处置6～8层石膏，其余部分3～4层。

Using the independence number and the girth, the upper bound of the Betti deficiency is obtained. A better lower bound on the maximum genus of a graph is obtained and a previous result is improved.

利用图的独立数和围长，得到了一个Betti亏数的上界，进而得到了最大亏格的一个比较好的下界，改进了黄元秋先前的一个结果。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷