下游的

N the third quarter, costs were still rising at annual rates of 19 per cent in the upstream industry – oil and gas production – and 12 per cent in the downstream refining industry, the IHS CERA index said.

HS CERA指数显示，去年第三季度，上游工业的成本仍在以19%的年率增长，而下游炼制工业则在以12%的速度增长。

In this study, the DNA fragments coding for amino acids 133～158 of VP1and 20～34 of VP4protein of type Asial FMDV were chemically synthesized and ligated into a tandem repeat 133～158-20～34-133～158. The sequences of signal peptide of Igκ chain and Kozak were fused to the 5'end of this tandem sequence and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG-ISS was fused to downstream of terminal coden of this tandem sequence. And then this long fragment was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pHook-2, forming a new secreted expression plasmid, named pAS1-E.

在第二章证明了亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白中133～158位氨基酸残基确是一重要B细胞中和抗原表位的基础上，依据第一章获得的口蹄疫病毒亚洲Ⅰ型VP1 cDNA序列及已报道Asial VP4序列，采用真核偏爱密码子化学合成了VP1中编码133～158位氨基酸及VP4中编码20～34位氨基酸这两个抗原表位基因，将其组成133～158-20～34-133～158串联结构，在其5′端加上鼠Igκ链信号肽序列，在翻译调节区加上增强表达的Kozak序列，同时在133～158-20～34-133～158串联结构3'端终止密码子下游加上CpG免疫刺激序列，将这些片段连接后，克隆到真核表达载体pHook-2上，构建成功了DNA疫苗重组表达载体pAS1-E。

The activities of TotalFinaEIF are divded into four business divisions;Upstream,(exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas);Trading and Midstream Gas and Electrcity;Downstream(relining distrbution of oil products and imternaeional trade in crude oil and petroleum products) and Chemicals.

道达尔菲纳埃尔夫公司的业务可分为四个业务领域：上游（原油和天然气的勘探生产）；贸易、天然气与电力；下游（炼油、成品油销售、原油和各类成品油的国际贸易）和化工。

The porous media model of software FLUENT was introduced to simulate the 2D flow through permeable tetrahedrons,and an experiment was conducted to verify the simulation;With the simulation,the influence of parameters such as Re、relative width b/B and relative length l/B on the protected length downstream of permeable tetrahedrons was studied.

本文首次尝试利用Fluent软件的介质模型对经过四面体透水框架群的水流进行了平面二维数值模拟，通过模型验证，多孔介质模型能较好地用于四面体透水框架群模拟；另外，通过数值计算，研究了Re、相对宽度b/B、相对长度l/B对四面体透水框架群下游保护长度的影响。

Upon cytokine stimulation, It is activated and rapidly translocates to the nucleus, where it promotes the expression of the target genes. STAT3 plays a key role in tumor by regulating the target genes. During the subsequent period of signal decay, It is re-exported back to the cytoplasm in preparation for the next round of signaling.

STAT3可以被多种细胞因子和生长因子激活，被激活的STAT3通过对其下游靶基因的调控进而调控细胞的生长，分化和衰老。

Roslglitasone, an insulin sensitizer, might up-regulate GLUT4 and CAP along with the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma, which not only increases the GLUT4, but also activates the CAP-depended signaling pathway; improves the translocating of GLUT4 to the cell membrane; and increases the ability of glucose-uptake of cells.

罗格列酮可能通过启动其下游基因GLUT4和CAP基因表达，增加GLUT4的数目，并激活CAP信号途径，提高GLUT4向细胞膜的转位，改善细胞对葡萄糖的摄取，从而改善胰岛素抵抗。

The results showed that the sulfur recovery ratio declined along with the increase of NH3 content.NH3 in acid gas should be burnt up to decompose into N2 and H2O in the burner of acid gas,or it would form crystalline of ammonium salt to obstruct the following equipments,even make production shut down.

结果表明，随着酸性气中氨含量的增加，硫回收率下降；酸性气中的氨必须在制硫燃烧炉中完全燃烧分解为N2和H2O，否则会形成铵盐结晶而堵塞下游设备，严重时将导致停产；根据酸性气中氨含量的不同，可选择不烧氨和烧氨2种工艺流程。

A second major cotton-growing area lay in the rich bottom land of the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries.

第二个主要的棉花种植区是沿着密西西比河下游及其支流的富饶的河滩地。

A second major cotton-growing area lay in the rich bottom land of the lower Mississippi River and is tributaries.

第二个主要的棉花种植区是沿着密西西比河下游及其支流的富饶的河滩地。

In order to express he Opening Reading Frame fragment of Banana bunchy top virus Hainan isolateDNA2 correctly ,a pair of primers were designed in accordance with the reported BBTV-HN DNA2 gene sequence.

本文根据已报道的香蕉束顶病毒海南分离物(Banana bunchy top virus BBTV-HN)BBTV DNA2的基因序列，设计一对引物，以海南地区表现束顶病症状的香蕉组织总DNA为模板，利用PCR方法克隆了DNA2编码区，将其插入到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1谷胱苷肽-S-转移酶基因下游。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。