下游

Additionally,this study developed three species-spcific real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR-based assays for rapidly, specificity, sensitivity,detecting Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis.

在建立布鲁氏菌属荧光定量PCR检测方法的基础上，根据布鲁氏菌基因组多拷贝插入元件IS711及其下游多态位点，设计了检测牛、羊、猪种布鲁氏菌的引物和牛、羊、猪种特异性荧光探针，优化了牛、羊、猪种布鲁氏菌荧光定量PCR反应体系和条件，建立了牛、羊、猪种布鲁氏菌荧光定量PCR检测方法，组装了牛、羊、猪种布鲁氏菌检测试剂盒，该方法能特异检测上述3个种的布鲁氏菌。

Research for the Optimization test of outlet of flood discharge tunnel in Narrow Water Course with Large Included Angle;2. The aerators are widely used in flood discharge tunnel s and spillways to prevent the cavitation damage of the structures,and air is sucked by flow from the bottom in normal aerator.

龙抬头明流泄洪洞采用常规的底部掺气设施，容易在反弧末端下游附近侧墙处形成掺气盲区，从而导致该侧墙的空蚀破坏，反弧末端下游侧墙是龙抬头明流泄洪洞掺气减蚀设计的重点和难点。

Generally the competitiveness, that is, the competence to transfer the relatively high cost and the profits of the oil-refining, the petrochemical and the down-stream processing industries will gradually go down while they are approaching the end-use customers, in which the petrochemical industry bridges the processing chain.

高油价对整个下游产业链都有着显著的影响。石油炼制、石油化工和下游加工行业应对高油价的能力，将随着与最终用户的不断接近而降低。

Transcription factors can control the transcription of their target genes when they bind to the DNA-binding sites on their promotors.

转录因子是一类可以通过与下游靶DNA结合，从而调控下游基因转录的分子，它们接受来自生长因子等方面的信号，再将这些指令具体地传递给直接执行功能的蛋白分子。

Transcription factors can control the transcription of their target genes when they bind to the DNA-binding sites on their promotors. They can transfer the messages of growth factors and so on to those effective molecules. Core binding factor al is such a kind of transcription factor, which can control the differentiation of osteoblasts peculiarly. They can induce the pro-osteoblasts or non-osteoblasts to synthesize and secrete most mineralize related proteins such as ALP, OC, OPN, BSP and so on, in order to differentiate to osteoblasts finally.

转录因子是一类可以通过与下游靶DNA结合，从而调控下游基因转录的分子，它们接受来自生长因子等方面的信号，再将这些指令具体地传递给直接执行功能的蛋白分子。cbfal是一种成骨分化特异性转录因子，可以诱导成骨前体细胞合成和分泌ALP、OC、OPN、BSP等矿化相关蛋白，向成骨细胞分化。

These results suggested that the function of each function domain in HIV 1 LTR exhibited distinct characteristics on gag gene expression in vaccinia virus:(1) The function of intact LTR on gag gene expression varied with the upstream poxvirus promoter;(2) NR sequence neither decreased nor increased the Gag protein exprssion level;(3) Enhancer sequence might not be recognized by recombinant vaccinia virus expression system;(4) TAR sequence enhanced Gag protein expression effectively;(5) U5 region and its downstream non translated sequence had little effect on

免疫印迹和免疫酶试验检测均表明，6株重组病毒的Gag蛋白表达量因LTR不同而有明显差异，表明HIV1的LTR及其下游基因置于痘病毒启动子控制下，在痘苗病毒中表达时有下述特点：（1）不同的痘苗病毒启动子与全长LTR相互作用，对gag基因表达有显著不同的调控效果；（2）NR序列对Gag蛋白表达没有明显影响；（3）EN序列不能被重组痘苗病毒表达系统识别；（4）TAR序列可提高Gag蛋白的表达量；（5）U5区及下游非翻译序列不影响Gag蛋白的表达。

At present, EphA7 is the only well-studied direct target of Hoxd13.EphA7 is one of type A receptors of ephrin.

目前对受HOXD13调控的下游基因知之甚少，EphA7是较为明确直接受Hoxd13转录调节的下游基因。

Article 3. For the purpose of these Regulations, the term Yangtze River Waterway shall mean the main waterway extending from the line joining Liuheiwu (31 Degree 30 52 N, 121 Degree 18 54 E) at the lower reaches of the Estuary of the Liu River, and the signal post (31 Degree 37 34 N, 121 Degree 22 30 E) at the lower reaches of the Estuary of the Shiqiao River, Congming Island, and upwards to the upper boundary of Zhangjiagang (a line joining point 31 Degree 59 35 N, 120 Degree 20 00 E and point 31 Degree 57 13 N, 120 Degree 20 00 E).

第三条 本规定所说的长江水域，是指自浏河口下游的浏黑屋（北纬三十一度三十分五十二秒、东经一百二十一度十八分五十四秒）与崇明岛施翘河口下游的施信杆（北纬三十一度三十七分三十四秒、东经一百二十一度二十二分三十秒）联线沿长江向上至张家港上界（北纬三十一度五十九分三十五秒、东经一百二十度二十分与北纬三十一度五十七分十三秒、东经一百二十度二十分联线）之间的干线水域。

Direct left turn from driveways is considered as a contributor to accident and delay in at-grade intersections. Safety benefits of prohibiting direct left turn from driveways have been identified in many studies. Several engineering alternatives have been developed to accommodate prohibited driveway left turns. These alternatives are (1) right-turn followed by U-turn at the down stream intersection;(2) right-turn followed by median U-turn before the intersection;(3) right-turn followed by median U-turn after the intersection;(4) upstream Jug Handle, and (5) downstream Jug Handle.

鉴于直接左转机动车交通常是路口事故和延误的诱因之一，左转禁驶在许多研究中都作为一项安全措施处理，直接左转处理方式有多种，大致包括：(1)下游路口右转后U形调头直行；(2)当前路口右转后在下一路口前的隔离带打U形调头直行；(3)当前路口右转后在下一路口后的隔离带打U形调头直行；(4)在当前路口上游打&壶柄状&转行；(5)在当前路口下游打&壶柄状&转行。

On the basis of analyzing rationality, equality and reasonability of compensation to flood plain areas in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the study is made on compensation methods.

在分析了黄河下游滩区实行补偿的合法性、公平性和合理性基础上，研究了滩区补偿的途径，提出了合理承担风险是应对黄河下游滩区洪水风险的主要办法。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。