下游

In summary, we identified firstly that existence and distribution of JA and NOS in guard cell; presumed that the direct transport of JA from unwounded tissue to wounded site could account for the increase of JA after leaf wounding, and involved stomatal closure, and proposed a possible pathway of JA involved in regulating stomatal movemnts as follows: The production of NO stimulated by JA triggers the increases of cytosolic Ca〓 concentration, subsequently activate other downstream reactions and eventually induces stomatal closure.

本研究中我们首次确认了气孔保卫细胞中JA和NOS的存在和分布；伤引起的JA运输和分配的变化可能参与对气孔运动的调控，并提出JA调控气孔运动信号转导的一条可能途径：JA引起NO含量的增加，经第二信使Ca〓的作用及其下游事件，最终诱导气孔关闭。

But, water levels can and do change suddenly so most likely by July 12 water levels should be adequate.Lock 27 is the last downbound or first upbound lock on the Upper Mississippi River from St. Louis to the Twin Cities in Minnesota and gives Illinois River traffic access to the lower Mississippi River.

但是，水位经常是突然变化的，因此很有可能到了7月12日，水位会变得适于施工。27号船闸是密西西比河上圣路易斯至明尼苏达州双子城之间的最后一个下行船闸，或者说第一个上行船闸，是从伊利诺伊河进入密西西比河下游的通道。

This analysis, which considers approximately the influence exerted on the downstream by the upsteam in the nozzle-rudder configuration, is based on the theoretical results of the ducted propeller.

分析基于导管螺旋桨的理论结果，并近似地考虑导管一舵系装置中上游对下游的影响。

Expression of Bilirubin Oxidase cDNA from Myrothecium Verrucaria in E. coliThe 1. 6kb bilirubin oxidase cDNA from Myrothecium Verrucaria was excised from plasmid pGEM-T/BOX, and inserted into expression vector, pET-3a which were under the control of a T7 promoter.

用限制性内切酶将1.6kb疣疱漆斑菌胆红素氧化酶cDNA从质粒pGEM-T／BOX切下，插入到表达质粒pET-3a的T7启动子下游，构建成疣疱漆斑菌胆红素氧化酶表达质粒pET-3a／BOX。

The exact spot is shown on old maps of London and lies a mile downstream from the Tower of London on a bend of the river at Wapping.

确切的地点是古地图上显示的是伦敦和一英里下游从伦敦塔在弯曲的河流在Wapping 。

By studying factors affecting short-termoptimal dispatching of cascaded hydropower plants, such as water amount, waterhead, water delay, water smoothing effect, and instable flow phenomenon ofdownriver, and analysis of the simulation results, the optimal operation ofcascaded hydropower plants is summarized, to help implement the optimaloperation of the whole system and provide guidance for the real-time operation,increasing the profits of the power plants.

通过研究影响梯级水库短期优化调度的水量联系、水头联系、水流滞时和坦化现象、下游不稳定流现象等，以及对模拟仿真计算结果的分析，归纳总结出梯级电站短期调度运行规律用于指导水库实时运行，以实现整个梯级电站的优化运行，达到增加整个梯级电站发电收益的目的。

One of them, the Kyagar, has created several recent dams. An outburst from the one in 1999 caused severe damages along the lower Yarkand River in Kashgar district. In the summer of 2009, Kyagar again impounded the river and a 3.5 kilometre-long lake was formed.

其中的恰噶尔冰川最近已经出现过好几次冰坝，1999年还在叶尔羌河下游的喀什地区引发过严重的洪水。2009年夏季，恰噶尔冰川再次造成克勒青河的壅塞，形成了一个3.5公里长的堰塞湖。

The cis-acting elements were scanned within 11.5 kb of the 3′juxtaposed region of the Yunnanese 0-thalassemia deletion using the luciferase report gene system.

利用荧光酶报告基因系统搜索了Yunnanese 0 地中海贫血缺失 3′端点下游 11 5kb区域内的调控顺序。

Taken together, our data showed that both the CSF-box and the octamer are important for the LPS-induced G-CSF promoter activity, moreover, the activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway is indispensible for LPS-induced G-CSF expression in RAW264.7 macrophage.. It seems that LPS-induced activation of MEK/ERK pathway does not directly regulates NF-κB transactivity, but is essential for LPS-induced Oct-2 binding to the octmaer within G-CSF promoter and transcription activation of the G-CSF expression.

透过这些结果，我们认为MEK/ERK pathway的确参与LPS活化G-CSF表现的过程，虽然MEK/ERK pathway都影响了CSF-box以及octamer对G-CSF启动子所贡献的活性，但似乎MEK/ERK pathway的下游并非直接影响NF-κB调控基因转录的活性，而主要是影响了Oct-2对G-CSF启动子的调控。

Therefore, it is important to ask whether both Oct-2 and NF-κB participate the MEK/ERK dependent G-CSF expression. G-CSFp-(-289~+25)-Luc, CSF-box-deleted G-CSFp-(-145~+25)-Luc, or octamer-mutated Oct-mut-G-CSFp-(-289~+25)-Luc reporter plasmids were used to investigate the importance of CSF-box and octamer in response to LPS.

在G-CSF的启动子上有两段已被发现对其活性相当重要的序列：CSF-box及octamer，根据过去研究及本实验室未发表的实验结果，此两段序列分别由NF-κB以及Oct-2所结合；於是我们推测MEK/ERK讯息传递路径的下游可能透过NF-κB及Oct-2来调控G-CSF表现。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。