下游

In rat hippocampal slices, TBS induced phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase and its downstream effecter cofilin, signaling proteins that enable actin filament growth.

在鼠海马切片中，短暂快速脉冲刺激导致蛋白激酶21的磷酸化，在它的下游区产生了cofilin ，一种能使肌动蛋白丝生长的信号蛋白。

The embryonic analysis results indicated that the disruption of oxt gene would lead to the disruption of wg transcription and the expression of engrailed gene, as the wg transcription is dependant on the Engrailed.

进一步结合运用FLP-FRT系统，用缺损GFP蛋白的表达来标记纯合的oxt突变基因克隆，针对眼睛成虫盘的克隆分析结果表明，在oxt突变克隆中，Hh下游的Ci蛋白的表达区域完全消失。

Following the rising and dropping of sea level, river erosional base have been changed severely, while there are some erosional or siltational processes happened in vertical direction at river mouth and in its low reach, there are also with large scale migration in plain direction.

随海面升降变化，河流侵蚀基准面发生重大变化，河流河口与下游段在发生侵蚀—淤积垂向变化的过程中，平面上亦表现为大范围的迁移。

As a water conservancy project, it has some exceptive requirements for AGC program, such as water dispatching prior to electrical dispatching, carrying out AGC under the condition of water supply.

作为水利枢纽工程，紫坪铺电厂的AGC有自身的特点，如电调服从水调，在保证下游供水的条件下实现自动发电控制，限制功率调节速度等，所以在实际运行中碰到许多特殊问题。

PART 2:The molecular mechanisms of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae induced inflammatory response in respiratory epithelial cells Objective:Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzaewas traditionally considered as an extracellular pathogen in respiratory infections.In this study,we established a model of infected cells to confirm NTHI was also a facultatively intracellular pathogen.Mitogen activated protein kinasesare the important signal transduction pathway in mediating inflammatory response induced by NTHI in respiratory epithelium.In this study,we elucidate the impact of NTHI,and its SCF and EP on the expression of MAPK and subsequent proinflammatory mediators.

第二部分：NTHI致呼吸道上皮细胞炎症反应的分子机制研究目的：通过建立呼吸道上皮细胞株的体外NTHI感染模型，确认NTHI在细胞内的存活，观察NTHI及其组分(可溶性胞质成分SCF、外膜蛋白EP)对呼吸道上皮细胞MAPK信号传导通路和后续的前炎症因子表达的影响，并应用特异性ERK-MAPK抑制剂U0126、p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580特异性阻断下游MAPK信号传导通路，观察它们对呼吸道上皮细胞分泌前炎症因子表达的影响。

Alterniflora salt marsh presented a trend of increasing gradually from the upper to the lower region of the Yangtze Estuary. 21 species were identified. Assiminea sp., Notomastus latericeus, Cerithidea largillierl, Glauconome chinensi, Gammaridae sp.

2沿着长江河口纵向梯度，互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物群落的物种数和多样性从上游到下游呈逐渐增多的趋势，丰度主要受到沉积物粒径和互花米草高度的影响。

Aiming at the spatial complexity and genesic repeatability of soil salinization in Lower Yellow River Delta, with the application of electromagnetic induction EM38 and its mobile sensing system, spatio-temporal variation of soil salinity in typical field of this region during two critical seasons was analyzed by using GIS and geostatistics method.

针对黄河下游三角洲土壤盐渍化的空间复杂性与发生反复性，运用磁感式大地电导率仪EM38及其移动测定系统，结合GIS与地统计学方法，对该地区典型地块两个关键季节土壤盐分的时空变异特征进行了分析。

All thegeographical units are divided into three groups according to the glires species component by hierarchical clusteranalysis, i.e. north and south of the monsoon region dividing by the line from lower reaches of Yangtze River to theling Mountain, and the semi-humid zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

地理单元有无物种分布的层次聚类分析结果表明，我国湿润半湿润地区分为三大区域：东部季风区的南北两区(以长江下游-秦岭一线分界)，以及青藏高原的半湿润区。

Average current efficiency is 85.06%, chemical yield is 94.01%, average bath voltage is≤4.5V, the concentration of glyoxalic acid is ≥40%, the concentration of oxalic acid is ≤2.5%, and no oxalic aldehyde in the product is present.

本论文通过优化工艺控制，确定了最佳工艺条件，使平均电流效率达85.06%，化学收率达94.01%，平均槽电压≤4.5V，产品中乙醛酸浓度≥40%，草酸≤2.5%，产品中无乙二醛，可以满足下游产品的质量要求。

Since 2002, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been developing a new technology to prepare high-purity glyoxylic acid by maleic anhydride ozonation, which has been completed, and now the research of the downstream products of glyoxylic acid including vanillin, heliotropin and the substituted mandelic acid is underway.

中科院山西煤化所从2002年开始进行研究，完成顺酐臭氧化法制备高纯乙醛酸新技术工艺的开发，现正进行乙醛酸下游产品香兰素、洋茉莉醛、取代扁桃酸的技术研究。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。