下游

With the land use change and the enhancement of human activity, the groundwater pollution index rises from the indirect recharge area via the direct recharge area to the discharge area. The same variation happens from upper reaches to lower reaches in Daxin river basin, a typical karst area in the east of Jinan spring basin where the patterns of land use and human activity changes apparently. There is a close relationship between the groundwater and land use change and human activity.

伴随土地利用方式的改变和人类活动强度的空间变化，地下水质从间接补给区、直接补给区到泉水排泄区，单项污染指数和综合污染指数依次升高；具有典型代表性的泉域东部大辛河流域，从上游、中游到下游，地下水污染物的浓度也渐次升高，且愈往下游污染物浓度增幅愈大，显示出与土地利用方式和人类活动的密切相关性。

This paper deals with the importance of investigation of the flood diversion capacity,working contents,investigation method and way of evaluation of the watercourse .

本文论述了水库下游河道行洪能力调查的重要性、工作内容、调查方法和评价方法，可为我国其他水库下游河道的调查与评价提供参考。

Based on an analysis of the natural, social and economic situations of flood plain in lower reach of Yellow River as well as the status of harnessing, this paper elaborates the problems facing the area, such as flood menace, serious status of suspended river, severe disasters of drought and waterlog, single production structure, implementation of flood plain policies and sluggish safety construction of flood plain.

在敍述黄河下游滩区白然情况、社会经济情况、滩区治理现状的基础上，详细论述了黄河下游滩区存在的问题。由於黄河水沙问题复杂，治理难度大，滩区治理开发也受到限制，目前存在的主要问题是：l洪水威胁依然存在；2悬河形势严峻、河势尚未有效控制；3滩区旱涝灾害严重；4滩区产业结构单一；5滩区政策落实不到位；6滩区安全建设状况严重滞后。

The flow regimes of all kinds of inlets and chambers, the pattern of lower stream current accouplement, the velocity distribution, the status of lower stream current back flow and tail water fluctuation are mensurated in details.

测定各种进口流态、闸室流态、下游水流衔接流态、流速分布以及下游回流和尾水波动状况。

The large stem and loop structure can be constructed from the sequence surrounding the 5' and 3' ends of the 16S rRNA gene.The stem is about h alf shorter than that of tobacco,due to a 79 bp deletion in Brassica napus chlor oplast.

5%、96.1%。油菜叶绿体16SrRNA基因5＇端上游及3＇端下游的顺序能互补而形成一个较大的茎环结构，但与烟草相比，由于3＇端下游顺序有79bp的缺失，因此，该结构中的茎部分大小仅为烟草的二分之一。

A valve of cleanable design capable of maintaining unfavourable conditions for microbial activity on the downstream side and/or outlet of the valve, said valve comprising: A smooth and contoured body ( 5 ) with an integral upstream connector ( 1 ), downstream connector and defined fluid flow path; a flexible sealing membrane ( 9 ) being: selectively moveable into contact with the valve body to close the valve; selectively moveable out of contact with the valve body to open the valve; selectively operable to a range of positions to vary the flow rate of fluid through said valve; a defined internal shape that allows the fluid to drain out of the valve body; an elongated heater ( 7 ) secured into the valve body in a location so as not to be contact with the fluid or disrupt the internal smooth and contoured body, the heater being operative to heat the valve body to a predetermined temperature.

一种清洁设计阀，它能够在阀的下游侧和/或出口维持微生物活动的不利条件，所述的阀包括：一个平滑仿形主体(5)，它具有整体式的上游连接器(1)、下游连接器和确定的流体流动路径；一个柔性密封膜(9)，所述的密封膜：可以选择性地移动以便与所述阀体接触，从而闭合所述的阀；可以选择性地移动以便不与所述阀体接触，从而打开所述的阀；可以选择性地操作到一定范围的位置以改变通过所述阀的流体的流速；一个确定的内部形状，所述的内部形状允许流体从所述的阀体上排出来；一个细长的加热器(7)，它固定在所述阀体内的一个位置，以使加热器不与流体接触，或者说加热器不扰动内部平滑的仿形体，所述的加热器可以操作以加热阀体到预先确定的温度。

We can work out the body style parameters of diffluent piers with low ridge according to the project flow condition and experience formulas ,and then reckon the down-stream surface wave condition for the protected building of the down-stream bank.

依据经验公式，可根据工程水流条件设计出低坎分流墩的体型参数，进而估算出下游沿程的水面波浪，为下游岸边的砌护提供依据。

The wave is the core problem of low Fr. current .In order to make diffluent piers with low ridge to be popularized and applied, the surface wave of low Fr. current is chosen as the research object .We measure the surface wave elements and the velocity distribution of various diffluent piers scheme by the experiment of physical model. We also analyze the average wave height, the the average value of the square of wave , unit width of the waves energy , the probability density distribution of wave height ,and the power chart character, so as to reveal the weakening wave mechanism of the diffluent piers .

低Fr水流的核心是波浪问题，为了低坎分流墩的推广应用，本研究以低Fr水流的表面波浪作为研究对象，通过物理模型试验，对各种分流墩方案消能工的下游水面波浪要素、流速分布进行测试，分析低坎分流墩下游波浪的平均波高、均方根、单宽波能、波高概率密度分布及功率谱特性变化规律，从而揭示了低坎分流墩的削波机理。

Based on the detailed water quality monitoring data of about 317 hydrometric stations from 1960 to 2000 and water quantity data of 20 hydrometric stations between 1919 and 2000 included in the Hydrological Yearbooks, which were all published by Yellow River Conservancy Commission, and socio-economic data related to the Yellow River, the characteristics of water quantity, major ion chemistry, organic contamination and their mechanisms, and integrated watershed management issues of the Yellow River have been systematically studied in this work.

本文在全面分析黄河流域300余水文站过去40年（1960—2000）水质资料和干支流20余水文站过去近50年（1950—2000）径流量资料的基础上，研究了：（1）、黄河水量的基本特征和近40年来的变化，重点讨论了黄河下游&断流&现象的发展及原因：（2）、黄河天然水质的基本特征、区域分布和影响因素；（3）、黄河天然水质40年来的变化趋势及原因；（4）、黄河水系氮污染和有机污染的特征、近40年来的发展，及其与社会经济发展的关系；（5）、黄河下游水质变化与水量变化的关系；以及，（6）、黄河水质水量管理中的制度安排问题。

The Magyars lived on lands controlled by the Khazars (a Turkish people whose realm stretched from the lower Volga and the lower Don rivers to the Caucasus) from about the seventh to the ninth century, when they freed themselves from Khazar rule.

马扎尔人在公元7-9世纪期间，他们居住的区域受到卡扎尔人（KHAZARS，卡扎尔人是突厥人的一支，他们建立的国家的范围大体在伏尔加河下游和顿河下游以及高加索山脉CAUCASUS以北之间）的统治。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。