下水平

In all cases the additional duty may be imposed in any year where the absolute volume of imports of the product concerned entering the customs territory of the Member granting the concession exceeds the sum of the base trigger level set out above multiplied by the average quantity of imports during the three preceding years for which data are available and the absolute volume change in domestic consumption of the product concerned in the most recent year for which data are available compared to the preceding year, provided that the trigger level shall not be less than 105 per cent of the average quantity of imports in above.

在所有情况下，如任何一年有关产品进入给遇见让的成员关税领土的绝对进口量超过以上所列基础触发水平与可获得数据的最近三年平均进口数量的乘积与可获得数量的最近一年有关产品国内消费量与前一年相比的绝对变化量之和，则可以征收附加关税，但是触发水平不得低于以上中频均进口量的105%。

According to the change regularity of deformation modulus, combining with the rock mass structure characteristic of region studied, using interpolation method, the deformation modulus of rock mass in 36# adit can be deduced. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 0-70 zone is 39Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 51. 3GPa in nature stress state and 50.8GPa in engineering load state. The average vertical deformation modulus of rock mass during 70-140 zone is 32. 2Gpa, and the horizontal deformation modulus of rock mass is 41GPa in nature stress state and 42. 6GPa in engineering load state. It will be a good reference of engineering design and evaluation.

9根据节理岩体变形模量变化规律，结合研究区岩体的结构特点，采用插值的方法对36号平硐岩体进行变形模量的推测，得到0-70段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为39GPa，水平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为51.3GPa，工程荷载作用下为50.8GPa；70-140段岩体的平均铅直向的变形模量为32.2GPa，平向的变形模量：天然应力状态下为41GPa，工程荷载作用下为42.6GPa，这为工程设计、评程设计、评价等提供了必要的参考。

The CaM level of Ginkgo and Ailanthus decreaseunder long time salt stressand level of CaM in Ginkgo decreases more slowly than that ofAilanthus.

长期不同强度盐胁迫条件下，银杏和臭椿叶片的CaM水平下降，耐盐性强的银杏CaM水平下降幅度较小。

Meanwhile, we highlight several research corners for future further study, the trade-offs on resource allocation within perennial plant had not been proved, the relationship of neighbor effects and reproductive allocation was still not so clear for individual plant, there was no definite conclusion on perennial plant reproductive strategy under different neighbor effects and different habitats. The relationship between reproductive allocation and sexual allocation , the cause of resource distribution in anthotaxy structure, the similarities and differences of reproductive allocation and the maintain mechanism within all kinds of reproductivest rategy need a further investigation. In addition, a molecular study is required for explaining the variation mechanism and the biological meanings on seed size research.

指出生活史研究仍存在不足首先是研究内容上，资源分配在多年生植物中的权衡仍未被有力证明，邻体效应与繁殖分配的关系在个体水平上仍不明了，多年生植物在不同邻体效应和生境下将采取何种繁殖对策目前尚无明确的结论；繁殖分配与性分配之间的关系，引起花序结构上资源分配差异的原因，各种繁殖对策中繁殖分配异同与维持机制等问题仍有待于进一步的研究；种子大小的变异机制以及生物学意义仍未得到令人满意的答复，更需分子水平上的研究来解释其机理。

Two specieses, Lycoris radiate and Lycoris aurea, were selected for the studying of artificial propagation in vitro. A few specieses of Lycoris, from the southeast area of China and part of locations in Japan, were chosen to research their karyotype differentiation and to measure their genetic diversity by ISSR analysis. The results could be summarized as follows.1. The vegetative propagation conditions of Lycoris aurea and L. radiate in vitro was studied by two-scaling. Different illuminate condition had an effect on the bulblet formation rate. To the species of L. radiate, the rate was higher in the state of 16h 800-12001x illumination than in the darkness. The medium also affected the new bulblet formating rate. When the culture was MS medium 0.2 mg/L NAA 4 mg/L 6-BA, the bulblet formationg rate of L. aurea was 220%;at the same time, when the medium was MS 0.2 mg/L NAA 2 mg/L 6-BA, the rate of L.

本研究选择西南部分地区及日本的几个石蒜品种，从细胞学和DNA分子角度，分析了它们的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构状况，对红花石蒜和忽地笑的离体繁殖技术进行了初步研究，得出如下结论： 1 进行了红花石蒜和黄花石蒜双鳞片快速繁殖条件的研究，结果表明：红花石蒜在16小时800-1200 lx光照下比黑暗条件下出芽率要高；黄花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA4mg／L下出芽率为220％，红花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA2mg／L下出芽率为108％；NAA比IBA有利于石蒜生根；硅藻土显著提高黄花石蒜双鳞片出芽率，活性炭起抑制作用；6％蔗糖浓度有利于红花石蒜小鳞茎增重，MS 6-BA4mg／L NAA0.5mg／L培养基有利于小鳞茎增殖，切割一刀比两刀有利于小鳞茎增殖。

It is pointed out that,for overcoming time-delay infection of teleoperation of space robot and ensuring the stability and transparency of telerobot system in space,developing strategies should be that ①augmented reality technology with multi-apperception and robustness is adopted for configurative,certain and static environments;②the control technology of intelligent independence in slave local system with vision assistant is adopted for non-configurative, uncertain and dynamic environments;and ③intelligent control technology with multi-modes is adopted for multi-states environments.

指出就目前的技术发展水平而言，要能够有效地克服时延以确保空间机器人遥操作稳定性的同时系统具有良好的操作性能，应该采取的策略是：①在结构化的、确定性的和静态环境下，采用具有鲁棒性的多感知增强现实技术；②在非结构化的、不确定性的和动态环境下，采用视觉引导下的从端局部智能自主控制技术；③在多态环境下，采用多模式智能控制技术。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

The results showed that the grain yield of winter wheat with two-irrigation was higher than that with one-irrigation with the same nitrogen application rate and method. Compared to one-irrigation,the grain number per spike in two-irrigation was higher,the 1000-grain weight was lower, the water wastage was higher, but the WUE was lower. The yield was not affected significantly by nitrogen rates and the methods. Within the nitrogen rate of 157.5-295.5kg/hm2, the lower NUPE and Nitrogen Productivity declined with nitrogen rate increasing. NHI was not lower than the others at the lowest nitrogen rate of 157.5kg/hm2. The accumulation of NO3--N in soil was significantly and positively correlated with the nitrogen application rate. NO3--N in one-irrigation was distributed mainly in the top layer (0-80cm), but it was inverse in two-irrigation.

结果表明，施氮量和施氮方式相同时春浇二水冬小麦的产量高于春浇一水，二水穗粒数较一水高，千粒重则低于一水，一水耗水量较少，水分利用效率明显高于二水；同一水分下不同施肥量及施肥方式对产量的影响差异不显著，同一施肥方式下在157.5-295.5kg/hm2范围内，施肥量越大，氮素生理效率和氮肥生产力越低，施氮157.5kg/hm2时，氮收获指数均处在最高或较高水平；土壤硝态氮残留量与施氮量呈显著正相关，成熟期一水条件下土壤中硝态氮主要集中在上层(0~80cm)，二水条件下则主要分布在中下层。

Through the experiment results, in different phonation model, analysis the properties of glottal vocal efficiency, vocal folds vibration, and voice source.

我们在对嗓音—呼吸系统进行自动分割与分段特征表达的目标指引下，建立了具有国内一流水平的嗓音声学实验室；从概念上对嗓音—呼吸系统重新划分，以声门为中心分别建立去耦合和弱耦合条件下的嗓音—呼吸系统和肺胸系统数学模型；采用离体犬喉作为声带振动的物理模型，对数学模型进行完善与证实；采用盲解卷技术在去耦合和弱耦合条件下，提取上下声道传递函数、嗓音源和发声效率，研究上下声道去耦合和弱耦合条件下不同发声方式与状态对发声效率的影响。

Results With respect to the numbers and lower levels of the interferences within the driving source when FIT was powered respectively by the three power sources, the battery output 6 interferences, the highest power of which achieved -78.25 dBm; the linear power source output 6 interferences, the highest power of which achieved -67.11 dBm; the switching power source output 15 interferences, the highest power of which achieved -35.83 dBm.

结果：就3种电源分别供电下的激励源中的干扰的个数和功率水平而言，电池供电下的激励源中存在6个干扰，功率高达－78.25dBm；线性稳压电源供电下的激励源中存在6个干扰，功率高达－67.11dBm；开关稳压电源供电下的激励源中存在15个干扰，功率高达－35.83dBm。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失