下弓

There is a small action range in archery.Simple methods and analysis is inadequate,so the author,on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system,Footscan sole pressure testing system,Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc,analyzes comprehensively the action technique of the athletes in national team from the posture,body motion characteristics,body posture equilibrium and stability,distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics,etc,with the methods of relative software and data statistics.The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows:Conclusion:Firstly,the communality of posture angle,muscle strength,the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery;Secondly,the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn\'t be used as technique evaluation index since it has no relation with the result.But the time of raising and pulling back the row is relatively fixed,and the time has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China.Thirdly,the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement.During playing archery,the interrelation between the central index of the sole pressure and the achievement is different individually and in different periods.Fourthly,there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes\' posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes..Fifthly,kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven\'t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously.

射箭的肢体动作幅度小，简单的手段和分析不能满足其需要，笔者结合各种运动生物力学仪器优点及射箭项目的特性，选用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行多方位的测试，运用相关软件及数理统计方法，对运动员的射箭动作技术，从射箭动作的姿态构架、肢体运动特点，身体姿态平衡稳定性、足底压力中心分布、肌电特性等进行全面分析，结论及建议如下：结论：第一，姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术动作评价指标；第二，各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标，但举、开弓的时间相对较固定，开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正弱相关达到显著性；第三，闭眼状态下足底压力中心单位面积轨迹长与144支箭最好成绩正相关达到显著性，可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据；实射时身体平衡的足底压力中心指标与成绩的相关程度具有个体性差异、阶段性差异；第四，射箭运动员实射时身体在前后方向上的稳定性较差，这与运动员的站立姿态、腹背肌力量的不匹配以及射箭没有专业运动鞋有关；第五，运动学及肌电学都表明中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够，背部肌肉用力特征不明显，撒放技术合理性不高。

5 Create the inferior screw model Bisectioning the included angle between exterior and interior screw and theincluded angle between ecto-upper and ento-upper screw in AutoCAD2006 software,Create a plane traverse the two bisection points and the core of the pedicle.

采用上述辅助定位后如遇椎弓根部穿破情况则需要手动调整螺钉以使螺钉刚好与原穿破侧椎弓根骨壁相切。 1.2.5创建下侧进钉方向的椎弓根螺钉模型：在AutoCAD2006程序中将椎弓根螺钉内外夹角、上方夹角两等分，由同侧两等分点与椎弓根中心点共同创建一平面，依该平面与同侧球在下终板平面交点创建下方螺钉模型。

The peak of the bulge accorded with the vertical line through the posterior convexity of superior articular surface of atlas. The superimpose rate of the vertical line with the M line were 48% to left and 65% to right. The surplus existed in l～2mm to lateral of M line. The exit point of screw was the median point of vertical line on the anterior cortex of lateral mass. The superimpose rate of BB line the line linked with the

寰椎后结节中点及上关节突后凸尖下的骨质弧形隆起的顶点可作为寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点的准确标志，上关节突后凸尖及横突尖可作为寰椎椎弓根进钉点的大体标志；沿寰椎椎弓根轴线进钉较为安全，内倾17°，仰角变异大，出钉参照前结节顶点；椎动脉沟中外的厚度及进钉点处寰椎后弓的高度是寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的主要限制性因素。

The younger twin groaned and arched to hi brother's touch, slipping his hands up Rasiel's very bare thighs and into his loose white nightshirt, scraping his fingernails up the scarred back.

贝尔喘息着，在他的哥哥的触摸下弓起身体，双手在拉杰尔光裸的腿上摸索，探进他宽松的白睡衣里，锋利的指甲抠进满是伤痕的后背。

Holding the bow is like a teeterboard supported by thumb as the pivot and the cooperated forcing of forefinger and little finger produces a moment M. The "P-x-M Line Method" shows when playing a down bow, M increases with x and gradually changes its direction and this process is determined by P, the gravity and barycenter of bow. The "P-x-F Plane Method" shows that the most force-saving bowing path should locate in the lower part of this plane. The analyses of "Helmholtz Motion" and "Schelleng Diagram" indicate P and its range is in direct ratio with volume, velocity of bow, the approaching degree of the bow to the bridge and has some relationship with the quality of string and bow.

国内近期出现了用物理模型来研究小提琴运弓问题的尝试本文第一部分首先指出握弓类似于一个以***(F3)为支点的跷跷板，主要以食指(F1)和小指(F2)的施力配合，产生握弓力矩M；随后用"P-x-M直线法"证实：演奏下弓是M随的***而逐渐增大并转换方向的***，此***取决于P、弓的重力和重心；并首创"P-x-F平面法"，在x，F1，F2空间中证实：省力的运弓路径应在该平面中处于较低的位置第二部分通过分析"赫尔姆霍茨运动"和"Schelleng图表"指出：P及其变化范围和音量、弓速、弓与琴码的接近程度成正比，并与琴弦和弓自身的性质有关

We selected one axial slice that passed through the upper part of the pedicle and another one that passed through the lower part of the pedicle and compared next parameters in both cuts: pedicular cortical width, pedicular endostal width, pedicular angle, vertebral body length, vertebral body width, vertebral perimeter angles, and visual appearance of vertebral body shape.

我们选择一个通过椎弓根上半部的轴向切片和另一个通过椎弓根下半部的轴向切片，对两个切片进行以下参数的比较：椎弓根皮质宽度，椎弓根骨内膜宽度，椎弓根角度，椎体长度，椎体宽度，椎体圆周角和椎体的外形。

Next, in ADAMS, friction coefficient database is set up, and dialog box for defining joint friction is extended based on analyzing joint friction in mechanical system, and the method of parametric analysis is discussed for analyzing manufacture errors influence on mechanism performance.

然后，建立了受电弓虚拟样机模型，基于该模型主要研究了运动副摩擦引起的升弓轨迹和升弓扭矩的运行误差；在ADAMS环境下建立受电弓的三维参数化模型，讨论了制造误差对受电弓升弓轨迹的影响。

Results paraclinoid structures in lower position could be exposed via subtemporal approach without zygomatic arch removal in each head.

对8例经10%甲醛溶液固定的成人尸头湿标本，依次模拟颞下锁孔入路、保留颧弓颞下入路和去颧弓颞下入路手术，显微镜下观察各入路的显露范围，再运用神经导航系统测量并比较各入路下重要结构的显露长度。

Methods Surgeries via subtemporal keyhole approach and traditional subtemporal approach with and without preservation of the zygomatic arch were performed in turn on each head of 8 adult formalin-fixed cadaveric heads.

对8例经10%甲醛溶液固定的成人尸头湿标本，依次模拟颞下锁孔入路、保留颧弓颞下入路和去颧弓颞下入路手术，显微镜下观察各入路的显露范围，再运用神经导航系统测量并比较各入路下重要结构的显露长度。

Separate under the SMAS to 2.0 cm above the supraorbital edge and 1.5 cm above zygomatic arch, where the periosteum and superficial layer of deep temporal fascia were incised to expose fracture;②Separate under the SMAS to the supraorbital edge and zygomatic arch, and then as in method Ⅰ, incise at 2.0 cm above the supraorbital edge and 1.5 cm above zygomatic arch to expose fracture.③ As in method 2, separate under the SMAS to the supraorbital edge and zygomatic arch, and then incise the periosteum directly to expose fracture.

对27例面中部骨折行头皮冠状切口患者分别采用，方法Ⅰ：沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘上2cm处和颧弓上1.5cm处，先在此切开骨膜和颧深筋膜浅层，分离暴露骨折；方法Ⅱ：沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘和颧弓处，然后再在眶上缘上2cm和颧弓上1.5cm切开直至暴露骨折；方法Ⅲ：同方法Ⅱ分离至眶上缘及颧弓处并直接切开骨膜，暴露骨折。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。