下壳

Kalamaili suture zone is an important plate boundary in north Xinjiang, and there are plenty of Neopaleozoic volcanic rocks around itThese volcanic rocks are enriched in LILEs and relatively depleted in HFSEs, and they are also characterized by high Nb, Zr, TiO2 contents and Zr/Y, Nb/Y ratios, and depleted SrNd isotopesThe characteristics of these volcanic rocks suggest that they were produced in postcollisional periodThe postcollisional volcanic rocks around Kalamaili suture zone become younger from west to east, which indicates that this suture zone entered postcollisional period gradually from west to east, and reflects that the Kalamaili Ocean had been closed gradually from west to eastAs to the Kalamaili suture zone in postcollisional period, the lithosphere extended and thinned, and the asthenosphere materials upwelled and melted partially, and intensive mantle convection occurred, leading to a plenty of mantlederived magmas underplating the suture zoneThe lithospheric mantle metasomatized by fluid in subduction period melted partially under decompression and high temperature, the resulting melts contaminated the underplating asthenospheric materials, and the erupted lavas became the Neopaleozoic postcollisional volcanic rocks

卡拉麦里缝合带是北疆的一条重要界线，沿该带广泛发育晚古生代火山岩。这些火山岩具有LILE相对富集、HFSE相对亏损的特征，且具有较高的Nb、Zr、TiO2含量和Zr/Y、Nb/Y比值，SrNd同位素主要表现出亏损的特征。综合分析表明，这些火山岩形成于后碰撞期。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，从西向东后碰撞火山岩的时代逐渐变新，表明该缝合带从西向东逐渐演化进入后碰撞期，这从侧面反映了卡拉麦里洋盆是从西向东逐渐关闭的。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，在后碰撞期，岩石圈伸展减薄，软流圈地幔物质上涌并发生部分熔融，加上地幔对流作用强烈，使得缝合带下产生了大规模的幔源岩浆底垫；先前在洋壳消减期被流体交代提取过的岩石圈地幔也在低压高温下发生部分熔融，形成的熔体混染了底垫的软流圈物质并喷发，形成了晚古生代的后碰撞期火山岩。

The crust-mantle background and space distribution of palaeogene source rock in the east of China,the tectonic background,sediment and basin environment,state of organic matter,abundance of organic matter and type of organic matter in source rocks and geothermal field characters are analyzed.

对我国东部下第三系源岩发育的壳幔背景及空间展布、源岩发育的构造背景、沉积和盆地环境、有机质赋存状态、有机质丰度、类型及地温场特征等方面的研究表明，秦岭-大别和郯庐断裂的生成演化是区内下第三系盆地发育的主要构造控制因素，渤海湾北东向裂谷型盆地规模大、切割深，有效烃源岩最为发育；南华北近东西向-北西西向断陷型盆地规模小、切割浅，有效烃源岩相对最不发育；而立交桥型的南襄盆地有效烃源岩发育程度介于两者之间。

I not only thought these the pure Productions of Providence for my Support, but not doubting, but that there was more in the Place, I went all over that Part of the Island, where I had been before, peering in every Corner, and under every Rock, to see for more of it, but I could not find any; at last it occur'd to my Thoughts, that I had shook a Bag of Chickens Meat out in that Place, and then the Wonder began to cease; and I must confess, my religious Thankfulness to God's Providence began to abate too upon the Discovering that all this was nothing but what was common; tho' I ought to have been as thankful for so strange and unforseen Providence, as if it had been miraculous; for it was really the Work of Providence as to me, that should order or appoint, that 10 or 12 Grains of Corn should remain unspoil'd,(when the Rats had destroy'd all the rest,) as if it had been dropt from Heaven; as also, that I should throw it out in that particular Place, where it being in the Shade of a high Rock, it sprang up immediately; whereas, if I had thrown it anywhere else, at that Time, it had been burnt up and destroy'd.

当时，我不仅认为这些谷类都是老天为了让我活命而赐给我的，并且还相信岛上其他地方一定还有。于是，我在岛上搜遍了我曾经到过的地方，每个角落，每块岩石边我都查看了一遍，想找到麦穗和稻秆，可是，再也找不到了。最后，我终于想起，我曾经有一只放鸡饲料的袋子，我把里面剩下的谷壳抖到了岩壁下。这一想，我惊异的心情一扫而光。老实说，我认为这一切都是极其平常的事，所以我对上帝的感恩之情也随之减退了。然而，对发生这样的奇迹，对意料之外的天意，我还是应该感恩戴德的。老鼠吃掉了绝大部分谷粒，而仅存的十几颗竟然没有坏掉，仿佛从天上掉下来似的，发生这样的奇迹难道不是天意又是什么呢？再说，我把这十几颗谷粒不扔在其他地方，恰恰扔在岩壁下，因而遮住了太阳，使其很快长了出来；如果丢在别处，肯定早就给太阳晒死了，这难道不是天意吗？

The results indicate: diversion shell can transform the kinetic energy of fluid into pressure energy well, and eliminate the circumferential component of fluid; the inlet incidence angle of vaned diffuser increases at the condition of O.8Q, and it results in flow separation very likely and the hydraulic loss increases; it is nearly non-impact inflow at the condition of 1.2Q, and the velocity distribution is uniform at the inlet of vaned diffuser and flow separation dose not appear.

结果表明：导流壳能很好地将叶轮中流出的流体的动能转化为压能，并消除速度的圆周分量；在0.8Q工况下，空间导叶的进口冲角增大，容易在空间导叶背面产生流动分离，造成水力损失增加；在1.2Q工况下，空间导叶的进口接近无冲击入流，在进口处流速分布较均匀，其内部未发生流动分离现象。

The authors think that the magmas of the intermediate-acid volcanic rocks were derived from basaltic magmas of the lower crust and are mixed magmas produced by the increase of geothermal gradients due to diapiric injection of basaltic magmas and partial melting of intermediate-basic metamorphic igneous rocks in the lower crust,and that they resulted from a series of tectonomagmatic activities that took place when the closing of the Mongolian-Okhotsk sea trough and continent-continent collision caused crustal thickening and brought about the formation of the Hinggan-Mongolian orogenic belt in the process of oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Siberian plate.

中文摘要：通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究，发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩，即文献上所称的埃达克质岩，笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆，为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆，是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中，蒙古鄂霍次克海槽封闭，陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚，形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。

A snail crawling across a board will withdraw into its shell when you drop a marble on the board. Repetition of dropping marble will lead to weaker withdraw action and in the end the snail will ignore the marble dropping.

在爬行中的蜗牛身旁投下一颗小石头，会促使蜗牛把身体缩进壳中，重复投下石头，其收缩反应会越来越小，最后甚至会完全忽略不再反应。

As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy.

当我吃下带浓烈海腥味的生蚝时，冰凉的白酒冲淡了生蚝那微微的金属味道，只剩下海鲜味和多汁的嫩肉。我吸着生蚝壳里冷凉的汁液，再藉畅快的酒劲冲下胃里，那股空虚的感觉消失了，我又愉快起来。

As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy.

当我吃下带浓烈海腥味的生蚝时，冰凉的白酒冲淡了生蚝那微微的金属味道，只剩下海鲜味和多汁的嫩肉。我吸著生蚝壳里冷凉的汁液，再藉畅快的酒劲冲下胃里，那股空虚的感觉消失了，我又愉快起來。邪恶 VS。纯真

As I ate the oysters with their strong taste of the sea and their faint metallic taste that the cold white wine washed away, leaving only the sea taste and the succulent texture, and as I drank their cold liquid from each shell and washed it down with the crisp taste of the wine, I lost the empty feeling and began to be happy.

当我吃下带浓烈海腥味的生蚝时，冰凉的白酒冲淡了生蚝那微微的金属味道，只剩下海鲜味和多汁的嫩肉。我吸着生蚝壳里冷凉的汁液，再藉畅快的酒劲冲下胃里，那股空虚的感觉消失了，我又愉快起来。邪恶 VS。纯真

Based on the multi-layer shell element model that is now widely used in the nonlinear analysis for the shear wall structure,different constitutive models of concrete and reinforcement are discussed in this paper.Selected in this discussion were two models:a new constitutive model for concrete,referred as microplane model,which could precisely simulate the nonlinear behaviors of concrete under complicated stress conditions,and a constitutive model for reinforcement,which could accurately modeling the hysteretic behaviors of the reinforcement.Some shear wall tests were analyzed to demonstrate the precision of the proposed model.

在适用于剪力墙结构非线性分析的分层壳墙单元模型基础上，对其中的混凝土本构模型和钢筋本构模型进行讨论，采用一种能较好的模拟混凝土在多轴复杂应力状态下特性的microplane模型和一种能够全面反映钢筋在往复载荷下各种复杂受力特性的钢筋本构模型，分别模拟混凝土和钢筋的力学行为特征。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。