下咽骨

It is an available way to repair the defect of the hypopharyngeal paries anterior and the base of tongue with fascial flap/muscularflap/ muscular?fascial flap of the strap muscles.

胸骨舌骨肌及筋膜瓣可以修复下咽前壁、舌根、外侧壁，是一种简捷有效的修复方式。

Results: Following the treatment with mandibular advancement device,the position of mandibular was changed to protrusive one,with corresponding changes in the shape of pharyngeal cavity and the positional relation of it with surrounding soft tissues,among all the 10 cases.

结果：10例OSAS 患者戴入矫治器后，下领骨前伸，咽腔结构及周围软硬组织的位置关系均发生相应改变。

The final result showed still residual tumor area, tongue base, right sublingular space and right maxilla bone and bilateral soft palate, pterygomandibular raphe, tonsil and right medial pterygoid muscle with extension to nasopharynx and nasal cavity.

最终结果表明，仍有残余肿瘤部位，舌根，右右舌下空间和上颌骨骨和双边软齶，翼突缝，扁桃体和右翼内肌与延伸至鼻咽部和鼻腔。

Methods The necrophagous fly L. sericata were reared at constant temperature of 20 ℃, 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ respectively and were tempted to lay eggs with lean pork. One Sample was taken at 12 h intervals till 50% of the larvae were in pupae stage. Then, the anterior spiracle, posterior spiracle and cephalopharyngeal skeleton were investigated through digital image processing combined with morphologic observation.

在20 ℃、24 ℃和28 ℃下饲养丝光绿蝇，瘦猪肉诱其产卵，每隔12 h取样1次，直至50%以上幼虫化蛹为止，采用形态观察与图像分析相结合的方法对幼虫前气门、后气门、头咽骨进行观察研究。

Results:①The center of the homogeneous density soft tissue masses (mean CT value was 50HU) were located in the middle and lower tympanum,and the external auditory canal or the pharyngotympanic tube was involved in the earlier period;②the destructed b...

结果：中耳癌的CT特征：①表现为以中、下鼓室为中心的软组织密度灶，密度均匀，CT值50HU左右，外耳道及咽鼓管早期受累；②呈溶骨性骨质破坏，形态不规则，边缘无骨硬化表现，外耳道后壁破坏较前壁严重；③病灶侵入颞叶，形成肿块，灶周脑水肿不明显；④增强扫描见病灶有中度强化。结论：CT能确定中耳癌的存在及精确显示肿瘤累及范围。

They are tongue, lips, pharynx, mandible, and velum.

包括舌头、唇、咽、下颔骨和软颚。

Methods:①Make clinical scale of the magnitude of the tongue and the palate to the group of the OSAHS and the normal control②Successive scanning of the upper airway at the states of the normal inspiration and under the Müller action on both normal controls and the OSAHS patients with multi-slice spiral computed tomography. The scope of scanning was from the roof of nasopharynx to the level of hypohyal, bonding multiplate volume reconstruction,using the image workstation to survey the cross section area, sagittal diameter, coronal diameter on the soft tissue thickness in the lateral pharyngealwall and posterior wall of the pharynx, and the postzone of soft palate, uvula palatine ,tongue and epiglottis.

采用高分辨率多排CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography，MSCT)对正常人和OSAHS患者的上呼吸道分别在平静吸气状态下以及Müller动作下进行连续扫描，扫描范围从鼻咽顶部至舌骨下缘，图象进行三维重建，应用图像工作站测量正常人和OSAHS患者的软腭后区(retropalatal region，RP)、悬雍垂后区(uvula region，UV)、舌后区(retroglossal region，RG)和会厌后区(epiglottal region，EPG)气道横截面积(cross section area，CSA)、矢状径、冠状径、咽侧壁和咽后壁软组织厚度以及舌体大小(包括舌体长度、舌体最宽处的宽度、中纵切面面积，舌背高度)。

MethodsFrom January 2003 to June 2008, 109 (98 males and 11 females) cases of severe OSAHS were treated with UPPP. All patients were checked with a fiber optic laryngoscope of Muller and X-ray or CT for upper air flue when they were in a waking state to locate the collapse level (oropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal level, most of them had an obstruction on the oropharyngeal level). After the UPPP, they were sent to the ICU and monitored with trachea cannula for 1 to 2days.

方法对重度OSAHS患者行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术109例，每例患者术前均行清醒状态纤维喉镜下Muller检查、上气道的X线片或上气道CT测量，术前确定阻塞平面为腭-咽及舌-咽平面，但以舌-咽平面为主，均行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术，术后均于ICU保留气管插管监护1～2d。

All patients were checked with a fiber optic laryngoscope of Muller and Xray or CT for upper air flue when they were in a waking state to locate the collapse level (oropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal level, most of them had an obstruction on the oropharyngeal level). After the UPPP, they were sent to the ICU and monitored with trachea cannula for 1 to 2days.

对重度OSAHS患者行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术109例，每例患者术前均行清醒状态纤维喉镜下Muller检查、上气道的X线片或上气道CT测量，术前确定阻塞平面为腭-咽及舌-咽平面，但以舌-咽平面为主，均行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术，术后均于ICU保留气管插管监护1～2d。

Continuing inferiorly and anteriorly , the main trunk runs superficial to the internal carotid artery but deep to the jugular vein , external carotid artery , and styloid process to the deep surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle , which it innervates . The glossopharyngeal branch to the pharyngeal plexlus leaves the nerve trunk by the time it has crossed the stylopharyngeus muscle , and passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the internal and external carotid arteries to the main trunk to join branches of the Vagus Nerve and the cervical sympathetic nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus on the middle constrictor muscle at the level of the hyoid bone .

舌咽神经主干继续向下、向前走行于颈内动脉的表面、颈内静脉、颈外动脉及茎突的深面，横过茎突咽肌深面，绕该肌中部下缘弯向前行，并发出分支支配该肌，穿过茎突咽肌后，舌咽神经的分支一咽支脱离主干，向下向前走行于颈内动脉及颈外动脉分叉处，与迷走神经的分支及颈交感神经的分支一起组成咽丛，咽丛位于舌骨水平的咽中缩肌上。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。