下丘脑的

Results: It was observed that projections from IN to hypothalamus passed through the superior cerebellar peduncle, crossed in its decussation and then many of them entered posterior hypothalamic area by iontophoresis of Dextran-Texas Red to cerebellar IN. Using the methods of iontophoresis of Fluoro-Ruby and double labelling staining, it was also observed that the neurons projecting to PH in cerebellar IN were glutamatergic neurons.

结果：小脑间位核电泳Dextran-TR后示踪可见间位核神经元发出离核纤维，行走于同侧小脑上脚中，在小脑上脚交叉处交叉到对侧，然后继续走行于小脑上脚中，到下丘脑后较多纤维终止于下丘脑后区；在下丘脑后区电泳Fluoro-Ruby后可逆行追踪到小脑间位核神经元，荧光双标法显示投射到下丘脑后区的小脑间位核神经元中有谷氨酸能神经元。

It is well know that the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus is the heat regulating center of homeotherm.

下丘脑视前区和下丘脑前区为恒温动物的体温调节中枢。

In the hypothalamus, ghrelin-containing cells were identified in the arcuate, periventricular, dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and lateral hypothalamic area.

下丘脑内的阳性神经元胞体主要分布于弓状核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核和下丘脑外侧区。

Open field test showed a low level of locomotion, rearing and grooming, which indicate a disruption of engagement in both a social and nonsocial nature and decreased explorational ability. These findings all fit the behaviors of depression. The increased adrenal weight and increased total number of CRF immunoreactive neurons in PVN of hypothalamus indicated the hyperactivity in HPA axis.

以上指标符合抑郁动物模型的标准；肾上腺重量增加和下丘脑室旁核CRF阳性神经元数目增加提示HPA活性升高；DST显示，预给地塞米松(dexamethasone，DEX)不能减少CUMS处理的大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRF阳性神经元数目，与之对应的是，预给DEX能够显著减少急性应激诱导的大鼠下丘脑室旁核神经元的增加，这提示DST的失抑制。

Neuronal cell bodies and fibers with moderate mGluR7-LI were seen in the olfactory bulb,anterior olfactory nucleus,piriform cortex,septofimbrial nucleus,bed nucleus of the strial terminalis,lateral hypothalamic area,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,supramammillary nucleus,medial and lateral mammillary nuclei,most part of the thalamus,medial and lateral geniculate bodies,nucleus of the optic tract,red nucleus,substantia nigra,interpeduncular nucleus,pontine nuclei,lateral parabrachial nucleus,superior olivary complex,nucleus of the trapezoid body,motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve,facial nucleus,ambiguus nucleus,cochlear nucleus,vestibular nuclei,nucleus of the solitary tract,hypoglossal nucleus,prepositus hypoglossal nucleus,medullary reticular formation,Purkinje cells of the cerebellum,nucleus raphe obscurus,intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord,Onuf′s nucleus and lamina X of the spinal cord.

呈中等强度染色的神经元胞体和纤维见于嗅结节、前嗅核、梨状皮质、隔伞核、终纹床核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑室旁核、乳头体上核、乳头体内、外核、丘脑大部分核团、内外侧膝状体、视束核、红核、黑质、脚间核、桥核、臂旁外侧核、上橄榄复合体、斜方体核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、疑核、耳蜗核、前庭核簇、楔束外核、孤束核、舌下神经核、舌下神经前置核、中缝隐核、延髓网状结构、小脑蒲肯野细胞层、脊髓中间带外侧核、Onuf核和中央管周围灰质。

Winter by means of radioimmunology and in situ hybridazation to probe into the modulation mechanisms of kidney responsing to the winter, and observed effects of pinealectomy. The results show that there are seasonal changes in the level of MT in the Pineal body, serum, hyperthalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and the same of the third courier---c-fos and the c-jun mRNA expressions in the hyperthalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis from the Summer to the Winter.

首次通过实验，观察了雄性SD大鼠在生理状态下松果体、血清、下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴褪黑素含量的冬夏变化，下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴第三信使（c-fos和c-jun）mRNA表达的冬夏变化以及摘除松果体对上述各项指标冬夏变化的影响，实验结果表明，松果体、血清、下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴褪黑素含量以及下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴第三信使（c-fos和c-jun）mRNA表达都存在明显的季节性变化。

And they systematically studied the effect of the activate spleen-energy law on digestive and absorptive function, it is confirmed that the activate spleen-energy law have significant regulation effect on the action and secretion of gastrointestinal tract. Recently, we established the juvenile rat model with anorexia by imitating the major cause of children and found that the CCK-8S concentration in hypothalamus and periphery blood of the anorexy model was obviously increased .We also found the appestat that the spontaneous discharge frequency of LHA neurons was decreased and the spontaneous discharge frequency of VMH neurons was increased.

近几年，我们采用病因模拟法成功建立了幼龄大鼠厌食模型并发现该模型下丘脑和外周CCK-8S水平显著增高，食欲中枢——下丘脑外侧区神经元自发放电频率减低和下丘脑腹内侧区神经元自发放电频率增加，临床治疗小儿厌食有可靠疗效的运脾复方不仅可调节外周血中与摄食有关的肽类激素水平，如降低CCK-8S水平，而且能调节下丘脑食欲中枢神经元的自发放电频率。

In the pituitary, the pattern of ghrelin mRNA expression during oestrous cycle markedly decreased in the estrus and metestrus. In the ovary, ghrelin mRNA exhibited with the highest level in the diestrus and the lowest in the proestrus, which was different from those in the hypothalamus and pituitary.

下丘脑ghrelin mRNA的表达在发情前期水平最高（p 0.05），发情期最低；在垂体，发情前期和间情期mRNA表达水平明显高于发情期和发情后期（p 0.01）；而卵巢中Ghrelin mRNA表达模式不同于下丘脑和垂体，在发情前期水平最低，然后逐渐升高，在间情期表达水平最高（p 0.01）。

⑴There are NOS/ER positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area.⑵The double-labeled neurons were mostly distributed in the medial dorsal and lateral dorsal of supraoptic nucleus and in the medial parvicellular, ventral zone. They were extensive slightly,but scattered in lateral hypothalamic area, sporadic in the periventricular nucleus.

1在大鼠下丘脑视上核、室旁核、下丘脑外侧区及室周核均有NOS与ER双染神经元分布。2 NOS与ER双染神经元主要集中分布在视上核的背内侧和背外侧部及室旁核小细胞部腹内侧区，在下丘脑外侧区分布较广但比较分散，室周核呈散在分布。

Orexin A(100 and 1000 nM) stimulated the release of GnRH from hypothalamic explants harvested from prepuberal swine.However,only 1000 nM orexin B could stimulated the release of GnRH from the hypothalamic explants harvested from prepuberal swine.

五、Orexin对性成熟青年母猪下丘脑组织-垂体-卵巢轴作用的体外研究为探讨orexin在生殖调节中直接作用的靶位点，我们在体外培养了猪下丘脑脑片、垂体和卵巢细胞，研究了orexin A和orexin B在体外对下丘脑、腺垂体和卵巢GnRH、LH和E2释放的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。