上颌鼻甲的

Pneumatization and proliferation of middle turbinate and bent uncinate process were the most common anatomic variation in the diseased group.

病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧

Objective:To provide detailed anatomical data of the theory and practice for endoscopic surgery in the PPF by studying the related applied anatomy of PPF through the lateral wall of the nasal cavity approach of endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively.

目的：通过鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁中鼻道经腭骨入路、中鼻道经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路三种手术入路方式对翼腭窝进行相关应用解剖学研究，为临床鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术提供详实的解剖学理论和实践基础。

Methods:①To observe important landmarks of bony of PPF、the neurovascular structure and its relations with the surrounding structures via endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively in 10 fresh cadaveric heads(20 sides).

①通过对10具(20侧)成人新鲜尸头分别采用鼻内镜下中鼻道经腭骨入路、经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路进行解剖，观测手术径路中穿经结构以及重要血管神经的毗邻关系。

Methods: Fifteen (30 sides) formalin-preserved human skulls were subjected to microsurgical dissection to evaluate the exposure scopes of 3 different endoscopic surgery approaches: endonasal middle meatal transpalatine approach, endonasal middle meatal transantral approach, and endonasal inferior turbinectomy transantral approach.

用手术显微镜对15具成人头颅标本按照鼻内镜下中鼻道经腭进路，中鼻道经上颌窦进路和中鼻甲切除进路要求进行显微解剖，观察不同手术进路暴露翼腭窝的范围。

Results The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70±5.50 mm and 8.54±3.67 mm respectivevy, p＜0.01).Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%,P＜0.05)and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6±17.8 mm2 and 41.6±12.6 mm2, respectively, P＜0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis .The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ehmoid sinusitis.

结果 全中甲或中甲下部气化的发生率随前筛、上颌窦内软组织影增厚而升高；有额窦炎组病人的鼻丘气房最大纵向垂径明显大于无额窦炎组(分别为11.7±5.5 mm和8.5±3.7 mm，P＜0.01)；Haller气房在上颌窦炎组和非上颌窦炎组的发生率无显著差异，但前组发生炎症的Haller气房明显多于后组(分别为77.8%和33.3%，P＜0.05)，且前组Haller气房的冠状位截面积明显大于后组(分别为91.6±17.8 mm2和41.6±12.6 mm2，P＜0.05)；钩突角度随上颌窦内软组织增厚而减小；筛泡冠状位截面积随前筛窦内软组织增厚而增大(P＜0.01)。

Methods Ninety-one coronal CT scans of chronic sinusitis were analysed with mutimedia software developed by the authors. Sinus CT images were scanned into multimedia computer and the subtle anatomic structures such as pneumatization of the middle turbinate, agger nasi cell, Haller's cell, septal deformity , maxillary sinus hypoplasia , abnormality of uncinate process and ethmoid bulla and so on were measured.

用自行开发的计算机图像分析系统定量分析91例慢性鼻窦炎患者的冠状位鼻窦CT，观测指标包括：骨性解剖结构变异(包括中鼻甲气化、反常曲线中鼻甲、Haller气房、鼻中隔偏曲、上颌窦发育不良、鼻丘气房、钩突气化)、筛漏斗、钩突角度、筛泡等，测量相应结构的冠状位截面积、角度、长度。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。