上鞅

Using this inequality one can prove that the mean convergence of positive martingale implies its point wise convergence.

在这一极大不等式的基础上可以证明正值鞅的均收敛蕴涵了它的点收敛。

First, in this paper, based on the fundamental theory and methods of survival analysis, martingale analysis method of point process in stochastic process is introduced and product limit estimator of non-parametric estimation is discussed.

本文在综述生存分析中的基本理论与方法的基础上，引入了随机过程中的点过程鞅分析方法，探讨了非参数估计中的乘积限估计。

We prove the corresponding Doob"s maximal inequality, Burkholder-Gundy-Davis inequality, the greater-smaller operator inequality and Rosenthal"s inequality in the framework of rearrangement invariant martingale space on finite interval.

包括重排不变鞅空间及其中的Doob极大不等式，Burkholder-Gundy-Davis不等式，上、下不等式，Rosenthal不等式等。

I think closer to the Legalists Shangyang thinking, it is necessary to know the history of Legalists is made "to the rule of law country".

我看更接近于商鞅的法家思想，要知道历史上法家是提出过&以法治国&的(尽管与现在完全不是一个概念)。

Topics covered include continuous time Markov chains: birth and death processes and queues, introduction to discrete time martingales, Brownian motion and diffusions.

随机过程简介II：包括：连续时间的马尔可夫链：生灭过程和排队过程，离散时间上的鞅，布朗运动和散射。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。