上部结构

Based on the shell element degraded from the continuous body, concrete and configured steels are modeled by the layered shell element, and the vertical steels burdened with added loads are completed by the combined shell element. Then, with the smeared crack model, associated flow rule and Madrid hardening model, the material nonlinearity of the concrete is depicted. The stiffness matrix of nonlinear thin-walled shell element is deduced. As for RC multi-T girders subjected to transverse loads, the properties, such as crack expanding and steel yielding, are studied.

基于实体退化壳单元理论，采用分层单元模拟了混凝土和构造钢筋，采用组合单元模拟了受力纵筋；并利用弥散裂缝模型、关联流动法则和Madrid强化准则等来描述了混凝土的材料非线性，推导了非线性薄壁壳单元的统一单元模式，研究了横向荷载作用下RC多T梁上部结构的裂缝发展和钢筋屈服等性能。

In the design, in construction process of the structural calculation of the upper part in the continuous bridge, the permanent load were simulated and calculated.

在设计中，桥梁上部结构的计算着重分析了桥梁在施工过程中，恒载内力的计算。

With the increase of bridge span, it is of crucial importance to decrease the deadweight of the superstructure.

随着桥梁跨度的增加，减轻上部结构的自重成为十分重要的问题。

Three of the four levels of the composite deckhouse were in assembly and workers had begun fabrication of the exterior decks and side shelves of the hangar unit.

复合材料舱面船室的四层上部结构有三层已在组装，工作人员已开始建造外部甲板及飞机库侧架。

Objective The fit of superstructure of implant denture is very important to the success of implant.

目的：种植义齿上部结构的适合性对种植成功有着非常重要的影响。

Key for superstructure endogenic force computation and reinforcing bars computation, section checking calculation

重点为上部结构的内力计算与配筋计算，截面验算。

But some kind of detects such as gapping, broaching, break, separation were usually found in bored cast-in-place pile, which maybe reduces bearing value of pile and does harm to the superstructure.

但是许多机械成孔的灌注桩常出现缩颈、扩颈、断裂、离析等缺陷，影响桩基承载力及上部结构的安全，严重者甚至使桩失去承载力。

But some kind of defects such as gapping, broaching, break, separation were usually found in bored cast-in-place piles, which maybe reduces bearing value of pile and does harm to the superstructure.

但是许多机械成孔的灌注桩常出现缩颈、扩颈、断裂、离析等缺陷，影响桩基承载力及上部结构的安全，严重者甚至使桩失去承载力。

Based on the research results of forth a goer, the interaction of soil-pile-structure on the condition of earthquake has been investigated.

本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，研究了横观各向同性场地地基中地震作用下地基基础与上部结构之间的相互作用。

Highrise building system consists of superstructure, foundation and soil, which are interacted and affected each other in loading action.

高层建筑体系是由上部结构、基础和地基三部分组成的统一体，在外荷载的作用下，三者是相互作用、相互影响的。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。