上部结构

Also the concrete structure's service life may be threatened by the negative pressure occurred when waves separate from the subface of the structures.

另外当波浪离开上部结构底面时产生的负压力作用对混凝土结构的耐久性也是一个很大的威胁。

Also the concrete structures service life may be threatened by the negative pressure occurred when waves separate from the subface of the structures.

另外当波浪离开上部结构底面时产生的负压力作用对混凝土结构的耐久性也是一个很大的威胁。

In the process of wave slamming, the impact pressures with short duration and high peaks occurs when the waves hit the subface of the structure, which causes the destabilization of superstructure and the fratigue failure of joints.

在波浪冲击过程中，当波峰刚接触到建筑物底面时会产生历时很短但强度极大的冲击压力，这种极强的冲击荷载会引起建筑物上部结构的失稳或造成结构连接处的疲劳破坏。

The paper mainly discusses embedded depth of foundation, partial fixing of Superstructure Construction,constraint action of backfilled soil and loads of basement based on the complexity and variety of structure model of High-Rise basemen.

本文从地下室工程的结构模型入手，针对其特点的多样性和复杂性，主要从基础埋置深度、上部结构的嵌固部位、回填土的约束作用及地下室的荷载四个方面展开论述，并就设计过程中地下室的抗震等级、外墙、剪力墙、框架柱、顶板、回填土及抗裂措施等问题作了简要分析。

If seismic force on the structure is large enough to fail the bearings, then the superstructure becomes vulnerable to unseating at the supports.

如果作用在结构上的地震力足以使支座破坏，则上部结构很容易从支承上脱落。

The superstructure uses the standard drawing, the substructure has used the gravity T-shape abutment and the rectangular buttress, in the design carries on the size to the abutment and the bridge pier to draw up, simultaneously satisfies the design the principle, the abutment uses 9.3m, in satisfies the structure and under the operation requirements premise, the abutment uses 9.3m to be long, because the geological condition decided, the pillar body uses 12m to be high, the open excavation foundation, the process load computation and the load combination, has carried on the bridge abutment and the pillar bottom section stress separately to the abutment and the bridge pier examines calculated, examines calculated the result conforms to the standard requirement, the bridge span uses the straight line build, and established this bridge construction organization plan, including the engineering project characteristic, the construction plan, the job practice, the bridge building construction technology, the measure has drawn up the top cap and the tray structure and matches the muscle chart, finally has drawn up Shui Xigou the bridge overall and the horizontal plan.

上部结构采用标准图，下部结构采用了重力式T 形桥台和矩形桥墩，设计中对桥台和桥墩进行了尺寸拟定，在满足构造和使用要求的前提下，桥台采用9.3m长，由于地质条件决定，墩身采用12m高，明挖基础，经过荷载计算和荷载组合，对桥台和桥墩分别进行了台底和墩底截面应力的检算，检算结果符合规范要求，桥跨采用直线布设，并且编制了该桥的施工组织设计，其中有工程项目的特征、施工方案、施工方法、桥梁工程施工技术，措施绘制了顶帽及托盘构造及配筋图，最后绘制了水溪沟大桥的总体及平面图。

The superstructure uses the standard drawing, the substructure has used the gravity T-shape abutment and the rectangular buttress, in the design carries on the size to the abutment and the bridge pier to draw up, simultaneously satisfies the design the principle, the abutment uses 9.3m, in satisfies the structure and under the operation requirements premise, the abutment uses 9.3m to be long, because the geological condition decided, the pillar body uses 12m to be high, the open excavation foundation, the process load computation and the load combination, has carried on the bridge abutment and the pillar bottom section stress separately to the abutment and the bridge pier examines calculated, examines calculated the result conforms to the standard requirement, the bridge span uses the straight line build, and established this bridge construction organization plan, including the engineering project characteristic, the construction plan, the job practice, the bridge building construction technology, the measure has drawn up the top cap and the tray structure and matches the muscle chart, finally has drawn up Shui Xigou the bridge overall and the horizontal plan.

内昆铁路水溪沟大桥，中心里程为DK608+393.00，该桥的设计方案有三个，通过技术、经济比较，采用4×32m预应力混凝土简支梁桥方案，桥梁全长149.5m，I级单线铁路，设计时速为120km/h，设计荷载为中活载。上部结构采用标准图，下部结构采用了重力式T 形桥台和矩形桥墩，设计中对桥台和桥墩进行了尺寸拟定，在满足构造和使用要求的前提下，桥台采用9.3m长，由于地质条件决定，墩身采用12m高，明挖基础，经过荷载计算和荷载组合，对桥台和桥墩分别进行了台底和墩底截面应力的检算，检算结果符合规范要求，桥跨采用直线布设，并且编制了该桥的施工组织设计，其中有工程项目的特征、施工方案、施工方法、桥梁工程施工技术，措施绘制了顶帽及托盘构造及配筋图，最后绘制了水溪沟大桥的总体及平面图。

We build the finite element model of a full-load and high-bed bus ,and the model is verified to be effective by simulation.

在此基础上研究大客车在翻滚过程中的耐撞性及其上部结构对侧翻安全性的影响，并参照相关法规对高床客车结构安全性进行了评估。

In the multi-storey and tall building structures of reinforced concrete, the foundation of double or more columns usually needs to be designed into a whole because of being subjected to the influence of many factors such as the distance of column axes, the load of superstructure and the property of subsoils. This kind of double or more columns combined foundation is widely used in the engineering.

在钢筋混凝土多、高层建筑结构中，因受柱间距、上部结构荷载、地基土特性等多因素的影响，常常需要将双柱、甚至多柱的基础设计成一个整体，这种双柱或多柱的联合基础在工程中应用十分普遍。

Superstructure design, first determine the type of bridge, structural design, the choice of beam layout and positioning, the bridge is used in assembly-prestressed concrete simple hollow plate girder bridge, followed has been set in accordance with the structural design and calculation with Tendons.

上部结构设计中，首先确定桥的类型，构造的设计，梁板布置的选择和定位，本桥采用的是装配式预应力混凝土简支空心板梁桥，其次根据已定的结构设计和计算配筋。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。