上部结构

In fact, the feedback from the inertia force of the upper structure will alter the movement of foundation and accordingly alter the dynamic behaviors of the upper structure.

然而，实际地震中，由于上部结构的反馈作用，使地基发生变形，引起基础相对于自由场地的平移与转动，从而改变上部结构的动力特性。

By the computation of program, data which concerned in engineering such as deflection of raft foundation, internal force of raft foundation, internal force of superstructure (Which include beam, columns and shear-wall) and the other useful data for structure design can be obtained. And this can provide guidance and advice for the relative engineering practice.

通过程序计算可以得出工程上关心的考虑与上部结构、地基共同作用的筏板基础的挠度、筏板基础内力、上部结构(包括上部各层梁、柱、剪力墙)内力等结构设计所需的指标，可为相关的具体工程实践提供指导及依据。

The research results show that stiffness ratio of superstructure and ratio of damping and stiffness in isolated story have great influence on local deformation of structure. It can reduce the local deformation and increase entirety of structure effectively through rational laying rubber bearing and adjusting distribution of stiffness and damping in isolated story. The specific conclusion of the paper is that local deformation of isolated structure becomes minimality when translational stiffness ratio of superstructure is consistent with stiffness ratio of isolated story; and it also can reduce local deformation of minor structure by reducing damping ratio of isolated story properly.

本文研究表明，上部结构的刚度比及隔震层的刚度和阻尼比对结构的局部变形有着很大影响，通过橡胶垫的合理布置，调整隔震层的刚度和阻尼分布，能有效的减小结构的局部变形，提高结构的整体性，从而使隔震效果得以确保；本文的具体结论是，当上部结构的侧移刚度比与隔震垫刚度比一致或相近时，隔震结构的局部变形最小；适当减小子结构的隔震层阻尼比可减小该子结构的局部变形。

Vibration-isolated structure is such a new type structural system which can satisfy above demand by dividing the structure into three parts: upper structure, vibration-isolated layer and subjacent structure.

隔震结构正是一种能满足上述要求的新型结构体系，它通过设置隔震层，将结构分为上部结构、隔震层和下部结构三部分，地震能量经由下部结构传到隔震层，由隔震层的隔震装置吸收并消耗主要能量后，仅有少部分能量传到上部结构。

From the function needing of the building, the top needs small axis dimension which has to be assigned, the next function part hopes that there is as big as possible free space, it is heavy for network to take post, for satisfying building the requests of function, the structure must be by fixing up contrary to routine way, in order to realize that this kind fixes up, must set up a special floor between the underpart in structure forms are different, make it bear top the internal force of structure and transmit and give underpart structure to play structure change the floors of function reliable. It is called transfer floor.

从建筑功能的要求上讲，上部需要小开间的轴线布置，下部公用部分则希望有尽可能大的自由灵活空间，柱网要大，为了满足建筑功能的要求，结构必须以与常规方式相反进行布置，为了实现这种布置，就必须在结构形式不同的上下部之间设置一个特殊的楼层，使其能承受上部结构的各种内力，并将其可靠的传递给下部结构，这一能起结构转换作用的楼层，称为转换层。

Under confused sea condition, the structures may subject to very strong w ave impulsive 1oad due to slamming by the wave with significant crest when waves propagate underneath the structure and surge up to its subface. Previous studies indicate that impact pressures are characterized by an initial peak pressure of considerable magnitude but of short duration occurs, followed by a slowly-varying uplift pressure of less magnitude but of considerable duration, and which typically is first positive, then decreases to zero and becomes negative, In hostile sea state, the peak pressures may cause the damage of the horizontal members of the structures or make the whole superstructure collapsed.

若这些海上建筑物的上部结构底高程较低，在恶劣海况下当大波浪在其面板下面通过并与之接触时，面板下面除了作用有强度变化较缓慢的波压力外，在波峰刚接触到面板时尚存在着历时很短但强度极大的冲击压力，这种极强冲击荷载会引起建筑物的整个上部结构失稳或造成局部破坏。

First of all, domestic and abroad research about superstruct梖oundation梥oil interaction is introduced in this paper. The general bearing characters and calculating methods of mat or pile梞at foundation are then explained. Moreover, the interaction sense, analysis pattern and sub梥tructure method are discussed.

本文首先总结了国内外高层建筑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的研究成果，分析了片筏和桩筏基础的一般受力特点和计算方法；同时，讨论了考虑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的意义、分析方法和子结构法。

The calculation methods of box foundations under frame structures and under shear wall structures are given separately.

当上部为框架结构时，建议采用等代刚度梁的方法作为考虑上部结构共同作用的简化计算方法，该法经证明具有足够的精确度。

The question of ruined earth pressure cell in test is solved,and the contact pressure between soil and pile is found out by the numerical simulation and distributing law of earth pressure.

通过数值模拟，解决试验中土压力盒损坏的问题，得到地震动激励下桩–土接触压力峰值的数据，并由此分析桩–土接触压力的大小及其分布规律，提出桩基上的支盘是基础减振的主要构件，并承受动荷载，减轻地震波对上部结构的冲击力，同时消耗上部结构反馈给基础的振动能量。承台和桩基两侧的土压力时程曲线呈反向关系，说明基础在同一时间一侧受压，另一侧受拉。

Upper structure The main building structure, including the upper floors and beams and floor systems, and crane beam framework, as well as the roof and wall, such as Wai.

上部结构主厂房的上部结构包括各层楼板及其梁柱系统、吊车梁和构架、以及屋顶及围护墙等。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。