上述的

We use Cournot model, Bertrand model and Hotelling model to introduce about mentioned issues.

厂商之间的非价格竞争包括：广告、研发以及专利权等，上述的议题我们透过 Cournot 模型、 Bertrand 模型以及 Hotelling 模型加以介绍。

He recently introduced a set of technologies called Silverlight, which will allow such hybrid software to be built.

他近期推出了一套名为Silverlight的技术，该技术将造就上述的混合软件。

But all these figures do not include large hydro power project.

上述的数据都没有包括大水电项目方面的投资。

Also the parameter identifiability and calibration based on trajectory sensitivity are discussed.

上述的模型和参数有效性验证及校核等工作是利用确定性方法进行分析的。

We had been through it together, the Army and I, from the first importunate courtship until now

我和军队一道经历了上述的境界，从早期的苦苦追求直到现在。

With this modifications, using indexed addressing, and writing down how many bytes each instruction takes our code looks like

运用上述的修正方法，并使用相对索引寻址，我们代码中每条指令的字节数目如下

Both reports are published in the July 23 issue of the Archies of Internal Medicine..

上述的两项研究都刊登在7.23出版的《内科学》期刊上。

One could consider invariant properties of figures under each of the above types of transformation.

可以在上述的每一类型变换下考虑图形的不变性质。

Finally on the models and methods by the traditional methods of inventory control are some of the major issues.

最后针对上述的模型和方法，提出了传统库存控制方法存在的主要问题。

Based on extension of Laurent decomposition of nonlinear CPM signals, the receiver complexity can be reduced.

利用上述的贡献，我们可以降低接收器的复杂度。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。