上诉的

An elderly female, no more young, left the building of the courts of chancery, king's bench, exchequer and common pleas, having heard in the lord chancellor's court the case in lunacy of Potterton, in the admiralty division the summons, exparte motion, of the owners of the Lady Cairns versus the owners of the barque Mona, in the court of appeal reservation of judgment in the case of Harvey versus the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation.

287一位上了岁数、不再年轻的妇女正从大法院、高等法院、税务法庭和高级民事法院共用的大厦里踱了出来。她刚在大法官主持的法庭里旁听了波特顿神经错乱案；在海事法庭上聆听了"凯恩斯夫人号"船主们对"莫纳号"三桅帆船船主们一案的申诉以及当事者一方的辩解；在上诉法庭，倾听了法庭所做关于暂缓审判哈维与海洋事故保险公司一案的决定。

However, the practice of WTO Panels and the Appellate Body reveals that these rules and criteria are not consistently complied with and the formation thereof is hardly justified. The traditional principle that those who claim or defend bear the burden takes no account of substantial justice and may be readily abused in hearings. Moreover, the analysis of the disparity between exception and exclusion proves meaningless, the hierarchy of criteria seems irrational, and the legal ground for exception to distribution of burden of proof is under debate.

遗憾的是，专家组和上诉机构的实践表明，他们并没有严格遵守其形成的相关举证责任分配规则，其形成的相关标准也缺乏合理性：传统的谁主张谁举证原则由于忽视了实质公平，在WTO审理实践中容易被滥用；例外规定与排除规定之间存在区别的分析多此一举；重要性等级标准缺乏合理性及例外规定作为举证责任分配的标准既没有法律依据，其合理性也受到质疑。

However , the practice of WTO Panels and the Appellate Body reveals that these rules and criteria are not consistently complied with and the formation thereof is hardly justified. The traditional principle that those who claim or defend bear the burden takes no account of substantial justice and may be readily abused in hearings.

遗憾的是，专家组和上诉机构的实践表明，他们并没有严格遵守其形成的相关举证责任分配规则，其形成的相关标准也缺乏合理性：传统的谁主张谁举证原则由于忽视了实质公平，在WTO审理实践中容易被滥用；例外规定与排除规定之间存在区别的分析多此一举；重要性等级标准缺乏合理性及例外规定作为举证责任分配的标准既没有法律依据，其合理性也受到质疑。

Appellate systems fall into the styles,"appeals","revision",and"cassation".They are formed by different histories and traditions.But theconvergent development of appellate systems forms the identical three levelsjudicial hierarchy,or,judicial pyramid.The functions and authorities ofappellate courts and the supreme court are distributed based on theconstructive technical of pyramid.

基于传统原因形成的复审程序模式被大致分为"上诉制"、"更审制"和"撤销制"，但源头各异的复审制度趋同发展的结果形成了当代典型的三审终审的金字塔式的司法制度结构或司法等级制，并按照金字塔结构的工程技术原理配置两级复审程序之间功能。

We saw that, in 431, it was possible for St. Vincent (in a book which has been most unreasonably taken to be a mere polemic against St. Augustine -- a notion which is amply refuted by the use made in it of St. Celestine's letter) to define the meaning and method of patristic appeals.

我们看到，在431名，有可能为圣文森（在一本书已采取的最不合理的仅仅是一个争论的圣奥古斯丁-这个概念是充分驳斥了使用了它的街巴巴亚罗的信）确定的含义和方法教父上诉。

The relaunch of Reggae Reggae Tomato Ketchup in RPC Corby's squeezable Hercules headstand bottle reflects the popular brand's continuing faith in RPC as a supplier who can combine on-shelf appeal with consumer convenience.

雷鬼雷鬼的番茄酱重启RPC Corby公司的有弹性的大力士倒立瓶反映了受欢迎的品牌的RPC中继续作为供应商谁可以结合货架上的便利与消费者信心上诉。

The Court of Appeals reversed and [437 U.S. 153, 154] ordered the District Court permanently to enjoin completion of the project "until Congress, by appropriate legislation, exempts Tellico from compliance with the Act or the snail darter has been deleted from the list of endangered species or its critical habitat materially redefined."

因此，地方法院判道："在一个联邦工程项目即将完工而又无法改变的情形下，衡平法院不应当适用一部在工程开工之后很久才颁布的法律去导致一个不合理的结果……"上诉法院推翻了地方法院的判决，并要求地方法院永久禁止该工程项目完工，"直到国会通过适当的立法免除泰利库工程项目遵从此法的义务，或者蜗牛镖被从濒危物种名录剔除，甚或其关键性栖息地被实质性重新认定。"

He could not understand the appeal of Pres Andrew Jackson; he did not see the growing divide among capital and labor, that is, the formation of economic classes; and he, being a Catholic agnostic, could not comprehend the appeal of Protestant evangelicalism.

他无法理解的介绍，安德鲁杰克逊的上诉，他不认为资本和劳动之间的差距越来越大，就是经济类的形成，以及他作为一个天主教徒不可知的，无法理解的基督教福音派的吸引力。

Furthermore, guaranteeing the participance of the parties and the public, strengthening the dependency of the parties of the jurisdiction, and securing the realization of the principle of publicity, by the way of substantiation the process of trial. As a fundamental principle in trial, the principle of concentration definitely influences the hearing structure and the instance structure greatly, while substantiating the process of trial.

作为一项基本的审理原则，集中审理原则在充实庭审程序的同时，必然在审理结构和审级结构上发挥着巨大的作用：从横向上看，集中审理原则使一个充实的、独立的审前准备程序成为必要，以此维持"准备程序+集中审理"这一两阶段审理结构不至于变形；从纵向上看，集中审理原则要求当事人适时提出攻击防御方法，限制当事人在二审提出新的诉讼资料，以此充实第一审程序，减少不必要的上诉，保证整个审级结构不至于头重脚轻失去平衡。

"The mere fact that in order to test the truth of the representations some independent inquiry is made, which necessarily is really in the nature of a fishing expedition rather than a systematic search that will necessarily reveal the truth if carried out with reasonable thoroughness, does not indicate lack of reliance; to hold so would enable a liar who falsifies facts peculiarly within his own knowledge to subject to an unconscionable squeeze play: if makes any independent checks he would claim that it isn't 'relying' and thus is not voidable … the only alternative for the company would be to indicate 100 per cent faith and reliance by making no investigation whatsoever, at the risk of having a court later determine that inconsistencies in the application or information otherwise brought to their attention should have caused them to make at least such an inquiry as a prudent man would have made."

但如果受害方的确有去作出了查询并且发觉了这个误述，但他还是去确认合约，这就表示了另一个重要的问题就是他并没有依赖这一个误述。当然，受害方去作出查询并不代表他能够完全知悉真相，所以误述方会有很大的举证责任说明受害方完全通过查询可以知道事实真相，所以后来确认合约并没有去依赖误述。这也是现实，例如在近年来的合并收购的商业活动蓬勃，其中涉及了不少的卖方被指控向买方作出误述。但在这种交易，买方通常会在订约前会来一个"合理努力"的查询/查帐，岂非是卖方就因此可以随意去误述而不必负责了？这方面美国上诉庭有一个先例把这一点说得很清楚，它是New York Life Insurance Co v。 Strudel 243 F 2d 90 (5 Cir 1957)，如下

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。