上覆地层

These sand bodies overlie the dark mud stone in Qingshakou, hydrocarbon generated in the dark mud stone migrates directly to the overlay Y1 sand body and finally hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed.

这些砂体直接覆盖在青山口组大套的暗色泥岩之上，青山口组地层暗色泥岩生成的油气直接有效地运移到其上覆的姚一段砂体之中，最终富集成藏。

Ground subsidence caused by underground coal mining is a space-time process. Coal seam pitch is one of the most important factor which determine movement and failure forms of overlying rock and the level of ground movement and deformation.

地下煤层采出后引起的地表沉陷是一个时间和空间过程，煤系地层倾角是决定上覆岩层的移动和破坏形式及地表移动与变形程度的重要因素之一。

In land, fracture pressure is go up by what layer brings to bear on the case of Fu terrane pressure is numeric.

在陆地，压裂压力是由地层施加的上覆岩层压力的函数值。

There are three features in the minibasins induced by gravitational sliding on the slope: the firstly, feature is surface of unconformity developed by onlap on minibasin margins or surface of unconformity truncated by mass transport-complex are sequence boundary in the study area; the secondly , accommodation of gravity flow is controlled by up lift rate and sedimentation rate , and styles of filling in the minibasins are dominated by the interrelationship between the two factors; and the third , there are two stacking patterns that consists of upward of turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud or mass-transport complexes-turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud.

认为在深水陆坡重力滑动作用所形成的微盆地内，层序边界表现为微盆地边缘上超不整合面或重力流对下伏地层的侵蚀不整合；逆冲构造隆升速率与沉积速率共同控制了重力流可容空间和沉积充填样式；沉积垂向演化以块状搬运复合体一浊积扇－深海披覆泥或浊积扇－深海披覆泥为特征。

Coal-bearing seams in Shenyu mine area inclines northwest, the bedrock thickness on the coal seams increases northwest, and there are generally red soil water-resisting layer on the bedrock. To study on the coal-water friendly geological conditions for the water-resisting layer during the coal mining process, and to determine mining zones without causing obvious water table decline are an important approach to the water-conserving mining in the fragile ecological mine area of North Shaanxi.

榆神矿区含煤地层整体向北西倾斜，煤层上覆基岩厚度向北西方向增大，基岩之上普遍分布有红土隔水层，深入研究煤炭开采过程中不对含水层造成破坏的煤水共生地质条件，确定既可采煤、又可实现水位不明显下降的区域，是陕北生态脆弱矿区保水开采的重要途径。

According to core observation and description, many deformation structures with seismite characteristics are recognized within sandstone and shale sedimentary strata of Paleogene continental faulted basin in Yangxin Subsag, such as micro-faults, earthquake fissures, liquefaction sandstone veins, water-escape structure, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure, seismic pillow structure and associated structure, etc. The vertical sequence of seismites in Yangxin Subsag, in ascending order, is underlying unshocked layer, micro-faults layer, autoclastic shattered breccia layer, vibrational liquefaction deformation structure layer, seismic pillow structure and associated structure layer, liquefied homogeneous layer and overlying unshocked layer, which corresponds to different earthquake intensity respectively.

通过岩心观察和描述，在阳信洼陷古近系陆源碎屑断陷湖盆砂泥质沉积地层中识别出大量具有震积岩特征的变形构造，如微断层和震裂缝、水下岩脉和泄水构造、振动液化卷曲变形构造、震积枕状层及伴生构造等，同时建立了阳信洼陷震积岩垂向序列，自下而上分别是下伏未震层段、微断层层段、震碎角砾岩段、振动液化卷曲变形层段、震积砂枕及伴生构造层段、液化均一层段和上覆未震层段。

The present knowledge about the ophiolitic melange belt is that it is the oceanic crustal remains intruded in th...

构造包体是由蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的远洋沉积物组成；基质包括不同时代，或同时代不同岩石的地层单元。

The south-north united tectonic environment and tectonic pattern does not exist. The east-west trend thrusting Nappe structure of Majiatan and Hengshanpu can not represent the whole western margin of Ordos. The attempt to solve the regional tectonic problem with simple tectonic pattern is against the geological theory, especially in the Helan Mountain region.(2) After the geochemical data analysis of Ruqigou basalt in Helan Mountain, the article illustrates that it belongs to continental rift basalt which appeared in the late-Triassic and early middle Jurassic. Meanwhile the article states that the region is located in the rift environment of an extension background and Rudigou is located in the central part of the rift.(3) The article illustrates that the western ridge of Helan Mountain used to be on a slope and topography slowly declines from west to east after analysis and demonstrations of the distribution under XiaoSongshan bedding fault. Through comprehensive analysis of the no-strong deformation and bedding fault features, the article states that the Xiaosongshan bedding fault used to be gravity slip detachment structure and it represents the extension from the east to the west. Based on the above and analysis and demonstrations of isotope age and track datting, the article illustrates that the ? characteristic of the east of the western ridge of Helan mountain being higher than the west is the result of its late tectonic reverse.(4) Through comparison between Rujigou region Mesozoic Era late Triassic period-early and middle Jurassic period deposit and that of Ordos Basin and the analysis of the late Triassic period extension and early -middle Jurassic Period deposit povenevance it sets forth that during the period, Rujigou region was part of a large deposit basin which was closer to the northern povenevance and farther from the western povenevance.

以马家滩和横山堡为代表的东西向逆冲推覆构造模式，在整个鄂尔多斯盆地西缘不具有全区统一性，那种试图用单一的构造模式解决本区构造问题的尝试，无疑是与地质实际相悖的，尤其是对贺兰山地区；(2)通过对贺兰山汝箕沟玄武岩地质地球化学测试分析，提出其为大陆裂谷玄武岩，其形成时代为晚三叠—早中侏罗世，并通过该玄武岩的稀土和微量元素的测试分析资料进行了多种判别分析，最终确定该区处于拉张背景下的裂谷环境，汝箕沟地区大致处于当时裂谷的中心部位；(3)通过对小松山断层面之下地层分布规律，结合其变形特征的分析论证，认为当时贺兰山西麓处于一个由东向西平缓抬高的斜坡环境，并通过小松山断层面之下地层的非强烈变形及顺层断层特征等的综合分析，认为贺兰山西麓的小松山断层原本是一重力滑覆断层，它代表了近东西向的拉张，在此基础上通过裂变径迹测试资料的分析论证对其做了进一步认定，目前贺兰山西麓东高西低的剖面特征是该区后期构造反转的结果；(4)通过对汝箕沟地区中生代晚三叠世—早中侏罗世沉积与鄂尔多斯盆地内部的对比、晚三叠世延长组及早中侏罗世沉积物源和水流向分析，认为该时期汝箕沟地区为一更靠近北部物源，而距西部物源明显较远的沉积环境，是一更大型沉积盆地的一部分。

The shallow layered gas geneted by organic decomposition in silty clayed strata and reserved in sandy strata layered near silty clayed strata.

浅层气源于mQ42淤泥质粘性土生气层中有机质的分解作用，储存于该地层上覆、下伏及中部所夹的粉细砂、贝壳砂等储气层中。

The orogenic strata have following characteristics: During the subduction and intracontinental orogeny, the strata experienced dramatic tectonic migration and mixing, resulting in various tectonic features. A short sequence usually composed of tectonic slices of various origins, times, deformations and metamorphisms, and scales. The original sequence was badly destroyed. The extant fragments of orogenic belt usually took form as melanges, especially the accretion complex wedge generated in subduction zone, which is contrary to the Law of Superposition. The original location of the accretion is also contradicted with the Law of Original Horizonality, because the accretion is oblique with high degree. Marine rocks, volcanic rocks of continental margin and metamorphic rocks were well-developed in the orogenic belt, especially ultra-basic, basic rocks were wide spread and were intensely metamorphosed, accompanied by metamorphic slices returned from hundred kilometers underground with ultra-high pressure and magma movements during syn-orogeny and post-orogeny, thus formed the colorful landscapes.

造山带非史密斯地层构成具如下独特性和复杂性：造山带在俯冲碰撞和陆内造山阶段，发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂，构造形迹多样化，垂直不长的地层体往往是众多不同来源、不同时代，不同变形变质程度，不同大小的各种构造岩片拼贴体，地层原始层序被严重肢解、破坏；尤以产于俯冲带的俯冲增生杂岩楔的原始形成方式与史密斯地层学的&层序叠覆律&老下新上的顺序正好相反，其混杂岩增生方式是老的&片体&在上，新的&片体&阶段性拼贴在老的&增生片体&的斜下方，这种增生片体的原始位置亦与&原始水平律&相悖，即增生片体一般保持较高角度倾斜；在岩石类型和变质程度上，造山带海相和古陆缘火山岩以及变质岩普遍发育，尤其是超基性、基性岩系分布广泛，变质作用较强，伴有从百余公里以下深部超高压变质岩片的折返和同造山期与造山后期岩浆活动，构成极为复杂的地质景观。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失