上船

The products of Huaxin Company are mainly distributed to the Shipyard ,shipping companies and companies of ship fitting facilities of more than 20 provinces along the rivers and seas ,meanwhile ,most priducts have been exported to abroad and abopted for the ships and facilities of classed ship and unclassed ship ,work ship ,barge and arsenal ship etc.

产品主要销往江、海地域二十多个省市的修、造船厂；航运公司；船用配套公司等单位；并有大量产品用于外贸出口，被入级船及非入级船舶、工程船、趸船及军船等等船舶及设施上广泛选用。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy, and to secure that the ship is properly manned, equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article III.

无论承运人或船舶均无须对因船舶不适航而引起或导致的灭失或损坏承担责任，除非是由于承运人未按照第3条1款的规定，谨慎处理使船船适航，及确保该船舶妥善配备船员、装备及供应，以及使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气舱和船舶上运载货物的所有其他部分适合并能安全收受、运载及保存等原因所致。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy, and to secure that the ship is properly manned, equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the shipin which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article III.

无论承运人或船舶均无须对因船舶不适航而引起或导致的灭失或损坏承担责任，除非是由于承运人未按照第3条1款的规定，谨慎处理使船船适航，及确保该船舶妥善配备船员、装备及供应，以及使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气舱和船舶上运载货物的所有其他部分适合并能安全收受、运载及保存等原因所致。

The strength deck,botom,and side shell of a ship act as a box girder in resisting bending and other loads imposed on the structure .the weather deck, bottom ,and side shell also form a fight envelope to withstand the sea locally, and to provide the buoyancy which keeps the ship afloat.

船舶在抵抗弯曲和其他强加在结构上的负荷时，强力甲板、船底和船侧构成一根箱形梁。露天甲板、船底和船侧也构成一个框架局部承受海水压力，并且提供使船舶浮在水面的浮力。

While I was in View of the Moor that was swimming, I stood out directly to Sea with the Boat, rather stretching to Windward, that they might think me gone towards the Straits-mouth (as indeed any one that had been in their wits must ha' been supposed to do), or who would ha' suppos'd we were sail'd on to the southward to the truly Barbarian Coast, where whole Nations of Negroes were sure to surround us with their Canoes, and destroy us; where we could ne'er once go on shoar but we should be devour'd by savage Beasts, or more merciless Savages of humane kind.

那个摩尔人在大海里泅着水，我们的船还在他的视线之内。这时，我故意让船逆着风径直向大海驶去。这样，他们就会以为我是驶向直布罗陀海峡（事实上，任何有头脑的人都会这样做）。没有人会想到，我们会驶向南方野蛮人出没的海岸。到那儿，我们还来不及上岸，就会给各个黑人部族的独木舟所包围，并把我们杀害；即使我们上了岸，也不是给野兽吃掉，就是给更无情的野人吃掉。

In this Distress, the Wind still blowing very hard, one of our Men early in the Morning, cry'd out, Land; and we had no sooner run out of the Cabbin to look out in hopes of seeing where abouts in the World we were; but the Ship struck upon a Sand, and in a moment her Motion being so stopp'd, the Sea broke over her in such a manner, that we expected we should all have perish'd immediately, and we were immediately driven into our close Quarters to shelter us from the very Foam and Sprye of the Sea.

狂风不停地劲吹，情况万分危急。一天早上，船上有个人突然大喊一声：&陆地！&我们刚想跑出舱外，去看看我们究竟到了什么地方，船却突然搁浅在一片沙滩上动弹不得了。滔天大浪不断冲进船里，我们都感到死亡已经临头了。我们大家都躲到舱里去，逃避海浪的冲击。

In this Distress, the Wind still blowing very hard, one of our Men early in the Morning, cry'd out, Land; and we had no sooner run out of the Cabbin to look out in hopes of seeing where abouts in the World we were; but the Ship struck upon a Sand, and in a moment her Motion being so stopp'd, the Sea broke over her in such a manner, that we expected we should all have perish'd immediately, and we were immediately driven into our close Quarters to shelter us the very Foam and Sprye of the Sea.

我们刚想跑出舱外，去看看我们究竟到了什么地方，船却突然搁浅在一片沙滩上动弹不得了。滔天大浪不断冲进船里，我们都感到死亡已经临头了。我们大家都躲到舱里去，逃避海浪的冲击。

The Orion was a ship that had been ailing for a long time; in the course of its previous cruises thick layers of barnacles had collected on its keel to such a degree as to deprive it of half its speed; it had gone into the dry dock the year before this, in order to have the barnacles scraped off, then it had put to sea again; but this cleaning had affected the bolts of the keel: in the neighborhood of the Balearic Isles the sides had been strained and had opened; and, as the plating in those days was not of sheet iron, the vessel had sprung a leak.

俄里翁号是一条早已有了毛病的船。在它已往的历次航行中，船底上已结聚了层层的介壳，以致它航行的速度降低了一半，去年又曾把它拖出水面，剔除介壳，随后又下海了。但是那次的剔除工作损伤了船底的螺栓。它走到巴利阿里群岛时，船身不得劲，开了裂，由于当时的舱座还没有用铁皮铺底，那条船便进了些水。

As the nature of COA is very similar to a consecutive single trip charterparty, reference is made to the provisions concerning such a charterparty or volume contract in English and American laws in the analysis of the relevant legal issues relating to COA. It also studies the latest provisions regarding "volume contract" in the UNCITRAL Draft Transport Law, especially those therein reflecting the freedom of contract and those mandatorily applicable to "volume contract" as well as the proposal submitted by Australia and France.

因包运合同性质在某种程度上与连续航次租船相似，所以在分析过程中，笔者借鉴了英美国家关于航次租船合同和包运合同的相关规定，同时分析了联合国国际贸易法委员会制定的《UNCITRAL货物运输法草案》内关于包运合同(该草案将包运合同称为&volume contract&，&总量合同&或&批量合同&)的相关规定所引发的相关思考以及澳大利亚、法国关于包运合同下合同自由问题的相关提案，来进一步讨论包运合同的相关法律问题。

When some countries in the world were arguing opinionatedly for the sister-ship provisions, the South African Law had allowed for the commencement of in rem proceedings by the arrest of the associated vessel on rel

当世界上有的国家还在为姐妹船扣押争执时，南非法律己去考虑在相当广阔的背景下扣押关联船，开始对物诉讼。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。