上管

Taking HPAM solutions as an example , the unsteady flow of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially is calculated; the distribution of velocity, flow rate and:stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cyinder is obtained; the effect of eccentricity, stroke and frequency on distribution of velocity is analysed; the effect of eccentricity and axial movement on stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder is analysed too.

在计算上，以HPAM水溶液为例，数值计算了幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中的流动，得出了这种流动的速度，流量和流体在内管壁上的压力分布；分析了环空偏心度以及内管冲程和冲次对流体速度分布的影响；分析了环空偏心度和内管轴向运动对流体在内管壁上压力分布的影响。

Taking HPAM solutions as an example, the unsteady flow of power-law fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially is calculated; the distribution of velocity, flow rate and stability parameter is obtained; taking HEC solutions as another example, the flow of second order fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder moving axially is calculated too; the distribution of velocity and stress is obtained; the effect of eccentricity and axial movement on stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder is analysed.

在理论上，分别用二阶流体和幂律流体模型描述聚合物驱油井产出液的非Newton流变性；分别建立了双极坐标系下二阶流体和幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的控制方程及边界条件和初始条件方程；建立了幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中流动的稳定性参数和流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式；建立了二阶流体在内管做轴向运动的偏心环空中流动的流体在内管壁上的压力分布计算公式。

Pipe wrench dogs within each pipe rack pot are used to loosen the pipe from the rotary head coupling, when return-ing drill pipe to the rack.

当将钻管放回管架上时，用每个管架罐内的管钳爪将管子从转动管接头上松开。

Domelike decompression can increase APDC, IFD, ELD and CSAC significantly, especially for CSAC, which is an effective way for lumbar stenosis.

弯顶形椎管扩大成形术可明显扩大腰椎管的矢径、上关节突内缘间距、椎板间距和椎管截面积，尤其是椎管截面积扩大更为明显，是一种治疗腰椎管狭窄症有效的方法。

The water chamber takes the shape of tilting cube, in favor of uniform distribution of cooling water on tube plate surface. The tube bundle is divided into two groups of zygomorphy according to the bisection system and it has eight support clapboards. The siphonopore center of each clapboard increases a certain distance corresponding to that of two tube plates and the cooling tube takes the shape of arch. The two-way cooling water of bisection flows through the condenser in opposite direction so as to improve the distribution of heat load for tube bundle. Around the throat of condenser, the final stage low-pressure heater, air extraction tube, intake device of bypass exhaust and the like are deployed.

它的特点是：水室呈倾斜立方体形状，有利于冷却水流在管板面上均匀分布；由于采用对分制，管束相应地分为左、右对称的两组，并且管束设有八块支撑隔板，每块隔板的管孔中心相对于两端管板的管孔中心依次抬高一定的距离，以使冷却管呈拱形状；对分制的两路冷却水以相反方向流过凝汽器，从而改善管束的热负荷分布；在凝汽器喉部布置了末级低压加热器，抽汽管道及旁路排汽接受装置等。

The method of CFD numerical simulation is employed to replace experimental investigation. Hence, STAR-CD of the commercial software is used to simulate the outer flow field and heat transfer performance of integrated heat sink with heat pipes cooled by airflow. It is found that simulated results agree with experimental results well, which indicates that simulation method is reasonable and reliable. Further, simulated computations for different fin thickness, fin pitches and air velocities are performed to analyze their effects on heat transfer performance of heat sink. Finally, a new optimized structure of integrated heat sink with heat pipes is provided to meet future demands for cooling CPU and its heat transfer is also evaluated. For multi-heat source and higher dissipation power of electronic devices, the integrated heat sink with heat pipes attatched fins stagged in different positions of channels is presented and its flow and temperature fields are also simulated to enhance heat transfer. As a conclusion, all mentioned above are useful for the design of heat sink with excellent efficiency of heat dissipation and further research.

应用商业软件Star-CD对CPU集成热管散热器的外部流场和传热特性进行了数值模拟，将数值模拟结果和试验结果对比，验证了所提出的数值计算方法是可靠和可行的；利用此数值模拟方法对CPU集成热管散热器在不同散热翅片间距、厚度和气流速度下散热器的流动与传热性能进行了数值计算，分析了这些参数的变化对散热器传热性能的影响；针对未来CPU冷却的要求，确定了与最优气体流速匹配的最佳翅片间距、厚度的CPU集成热管散热器的新结构；利用试验评测了根据数值模拟提供的新结构开发出的新CPU集成热管散热器的传热性能；最后在场协同强化传热的理论的基础上，对CPU集成热管散热器的散热翅片错位排列来强化散热器的散热，满足未来大功率、多热源的电子元件的散热，为今后进一步优化散热器提供了依据。

A motor/ generator cooling system that comprises condenser, liquid separator, lower liquid collecting ring pipe, insulating drainage pipe, stator bar, upper gas collecting ring pipe, balance tube, etc., the components, which is capable of carrying out natural circulation automatically.

以绝缘液体作为冷却介质，由冷凝器、回液管、下集液环管、绝缘引流管、定子线棒、上集汽环管、均压管等部件组成，并能自动实现自然循环的一种电机冷却系统。

According to the dynamics analysis of the cotton sliver coiling process,by considering the minimum friction of cotton sliver caused by screwy pipes as objective function the design of screwy pipes of can coiler is explained based on the theory of the variational direct-method.

对棉条圈条过程定量地进行了动力学分析，以棉条所受曲线斜管摩擦力最小为目标函数，基于变分问题直接法原理设计出圈条盘螺旋形曲线斜管。这种螺旋形曲线斜管充分利用圈条盘的转动对棉条产生的离心力甩摆作用，使棉条所受曲线斜管摩擦力较小，从而使出条更顺畅；在一定程度上降低了圈条盘螺旋形曲线斜管堵眼频率与条筒乱条几率，使其更适应现代并条机生产高速化的要求

A novel cylinder-shaped structure carbon nanotubes field emitting light tube was presented. Carbon nanotubes film as an emission cathode was grown directly on the tungsten wire by pyrolysis. The new CNTs grown technology was obtained.

设计了一种新型结构的场发射碳纳米管发光管，采用热解法直接生长在钨丝上的碳纳米管作为发光管阴极，获得了新的碳纳米管生长工艺。

Based on the electron-lattice interaction,Frohlich Hamiltonian and quantization theory are used to deduce the dimerized energy gap and phase transition temperature of carbon nanotube.

依据碳纳米管中电子-声子相互作用的原理，采用哈密顿量、量子化理论推导了二聚化对应能隙和相变温度，在紧束缚近似、量子理论和能带理论的基础上，利用周期性边界条件对碳纳米管Π电子进行了分析，讨论了碳纳米管的导电性，预测了室温下碳纳米管碳管中载流子输运方向

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。