上神经

The surface projection of the lowest branch was located on the line from above two digits.

Jacobs等[3 ](1989)报道了在 10具标本上对手术入路中臀上神经的解剖定位结果。

Methods To take 130 (male 112,female 18) adult lower limbs,where carry out dissecting layer by layer to observe and measure the thickness between the skin and hypodermis as well as the thickness between the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius;watch the branched type of arteria glutaea superior as well as the caliber of arteria glutaea superior and the nerve,giving individual stab observation.

取130例（男112例，女18例）成人下肢标本，在臀部外上区进行逐层解剖，观察测量皮肤与皮下组织以及臀大肌和臀中肌的厚度；观察臀上神经的分支类型以及臀上动脉、静脉的管径，并个别进行穿刺观察。

Results Apart from100%of delineating of the four rectus muscles,optic nerve and lacrinal gland,CT was able to depict not only about50%of oblique muscle,superior ophthalmic vein,ophthalmic artery and the trochlea,but also musculotendinous ring,aterior ethˉmoidal artery,posterior ethmoidal artery,medial and lateral long posterior ciliar artery,central retinal artery,inferior ophˉthalmic vein,supraorbital nerve,lacrimal sac,nasolacimal duct etc.

结果 眼眶水平CT断层扫描除对4条直肌、视神经、泪腺100%显示外，上斜肌、眼上静脉、眼动脉、滑车的显示率在近半数。另外，肌腱环、筛前筛后动脉、内外侧睫状后长动脉、视网膜中央动脉、眼下静脉、肌支动脉、眶上神经、泪囊、鼻泪管等也可显示。

Results The supra-orbital nerve passes through the deep fascia of frontal muscle and epicranial aponurosis with an 52.8±7.4° angle before it enters the frontalis. Its diameter is 1.4±0.3 mm.

结果 眶上神经出眶上孔后，以 52.8±7.4°角向外上经额肌筋膜附着处入帽状腱膜下隙，达发际附近穿帽状腱膜和额肌至皮下。

Results: The suprascapular nerve not only has its starting point and entering-muscle points, but also has two limit-points, it has turn-angle about 50° at spinoglenoid notch, supraspinatus muscle branch 44, infra-spinatus muscle branch 44, upper articular branch 42, lower articular branch 53, and sensory branch 37. The branches innervate supraspinatus muscle、infraspinatus muscle and the shoulder joint.

结果：肩胛上神经行程迂曲，有起点、入肌点两个固定点，另有肩胛上孔、肩胛下孔两个约束点，在冈盂切迹处形成大约50°左右的转折角，发出冈上肌支44支、冈下肌支44支、上关节支42支、下关节支53支、感觉支37支，分布于冈上肌、冈下肌和肩关节等处。

Gently pressing on the medial orbital positions Depression 3-5 minutes, here is the supraorbital artery supraorbital nerve and vein of the essential role, such as the above.

轻轻按压上眼眶内侧凹陷部位3至5分钟，此处是眶上神经和眶上动脉静脉的必经之处，作用如上述。

The suprascapular nerve and vessels, suprascapular ligament and inferior trasverse ligament were observed and measured on 57 sides of adult cadavers; the suprascapular notch and the topographical structures close to the lateral border of the scapular spine were also studied on 268 dry adult scapulae.

观察测量了57侧肢体的肩胛上神经和肩胛上血管、肩胛上横韧带和肩胛下横韧带；在268块肩胛骨上观测了肩胛切述和肩胛冈外侧缘的局部结构。

Patients of small knife were amputated in the superior or inferior transvers ligament of scapula,supraspinous and inferaspinous fossa were released.In operation of local anesthesia with direct vision,superior or inferior transverse ligament of scapula was amputated and suprascapular nerve was released.

局部封闭应用1%利多卡因5ml加曲安奈德40mg，每周1次，连续2～4次；小针刀采用切断肩胛上或下横韧带，肩胛岗上孔、岗下孔松解；手术在局麻直视下行肩胛上或下横韧带切断、松解肩胛上神经。

There was no complication such as the injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland.

手术未损伤喉上神经、喉返神经及甲状旁腺。122例随访6~9个月，无一例术后肿瘤复发。

After thyroid reoperation, 3 cases (2.2%) had recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 2 cases (1.4%) had partial parathyroid gland injury, 2 cases (1.4%) had superior laryngeal nerve injury, but there were no cases of esophageal injury or postoperative bleeding.

再次手术后新发的喉返神经损伤3例(2.2%)，甲状旁腺部分损伤2例(1.4%)，喉上神经损伤2例(1.4%)；无食管损伤及术后出血。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。