上神经

Based on the previous works, the paper first introduced and summed up the princi ples and characteristics of information processing of ANNs. Then the paper placed em phasis on their algorithms and theory foundation of application for operator approxima tion and patern recognition to lay the theory base for the study of the data-driven joint inversion.

在前人研究的基础上，本文首先归纳和总结了人工神经网络的基本原理和信息处理特征，并着重讨论了BP神经网络的算法原理和它在估计映射算子和模式识别方面应用的理论依据，为本次数据驱动的联合反演研究奠定了理论基础。

Between the pia mater and the neural elements is a thin layer of neuroglial processes, firmly adherent to the pia mater

软脑脊膜同神经组织之间有一薄层神经胶质细胞突起牢牢地附着在软脑膜上。

The degree of agreement of judgement by the generated neural networks model is about 84% compared with human inspection. The applicability of the neural networks to judge the grade of pimento is confirmed in this report.

利用所建立的类神经网路模型，以购自市场已分级的样本测试后，与人工分级结果比对有84％的相符性，显示类神经网路在青椒分级上的可应用性。

Results:(1)Among 40 rats, 36 rats were successfully established and the rate of success is 90 percent;(2)All the successfully established models demonstrated polydipsia, polyuria and the body weight was not increased. 6 rats suffered cataract after 3 months, and 4 rats died in 6 months;(3)There was an approximately 61% loss of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina and the thickness of retina thinner under microscope ( P 0.01 ).(4) Electroscope changes include the thinner of retina, disorganization of the membranous disc of the rod cells and the thickness of basal membrane of vessal.(5)In normal group, 1 month dibetes mellitus and 1 month treatmen group, there was no expression of ERK1/ERK2 on the retina tissues. In 3 month diabetes mellitus group, the expression of ERK1/ERK2 was positive.

结果：①40只建模大鼠中36只建模成功，建模成功率为90%；②建模成功的大鼠都表现出多饮、多尿、消瘦、体重不增的表现，有6只大鼠在3个月后出现白内障，有4只大鼠在喂养接近至6个月时死亡；③HE染色光镜下6个月大鼠后极部视网膜节细胞层细胞数明显减少，减少约61%(P.01)，后极部视网膜明显变薄(P.01)；④电镜观察，视网膜变薄，视杆细胞膜盘紊乱，血管基底膜增厚等表现；⑤正常组、糖尿病组和治疗组1个月大鼠视网膜中未见ERK1/ERK2的表达，糖尿病组视网膜组织中3个月时可见少量表达，ERK1/ERK2表达部位为神经节细胞层和内核层；6个月时表达强阳性，部位表达不仅见于内核层、神经节细胞层，色素上皮层也见表达。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology.

现今，国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests' diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology. The most pomological expert systems were developped on the agricutural expert systems platform, while a few systems were directly developed by the programming languages without platform.

现今，中国国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

Results ① Immunofluorescence staining results: For normal controls, small nerve stem cells of round or fusiform shape appeared in SVZ of prosencephalon lateral ventricle, mainly in upper part of lateral wall and corn. Few nerve stem cells were located in SVZ of lateral ventricle and 3 brain ventricle.

结果 ①室下区免疫荧光染色：正常组及空白对照组在前脑侧脑室SVZ区出现神经干细胞，主要集中在外侧壁上部和上角，其他部位及三脑室的SVZ区有少量神经干细胞。

Results ① Immunofluorescence staining results: For normal controls, small nerve stem cells of round or fusiform shape appeared in SVZ of prosencephalon lateral ventricle, mainly in upper part of lateral wall and corn. Few nerve stem cells were located in SVZ of lateral ventricle and 3rd brain ventricle.

结果 ①室下区免疫荧光染色：正常组及空白对照组在前脑侧脑室SVZ区出现神经干细胞，主要集中在外侧壁上部和上角，其他部位及三脑室的SVZ区有少量神经干细胞。

The neurotrophic and myotrophic effect of CNTF ma y play an important role in the treatment of nerve-muscle injury and retrogress ion.

CNTF的神经和肌肉双重营养性能使其可能在神经肌肉损伤和退行性病变的治疗上发挥重要作用。

At last, by the simulation results and root-mean-square value, the traffic FIRTF neural networks learning and prediction owned on a better advantages, because that the traffic flow FIRTF and the adaptive algorithm combination integrated gda-BP networks, gdm-BP networks, gda-feedback-BP networks and gdm-feedback-BP networks of the four characteristics.

最后，通过交通流量时间序列数据进行了试验分析，说明交通流量FIRTF神经网络以及其于混沌机理的交通流量FIRTF自适应算法综合了gda-BP网络、gdm-BP网络、gda-feedback-BP网络和gdm-feedback-BP网络的特点，使得交通流量FIRTF神经网络在训练和预测的速度上占有很大的优势。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐