上神经

It is related to the variational inequality problem, bilinear programming, nonlinear equation. So there is actual meaning and theories value to study how to solve it.In recent years, many algorithms for solving the generalized linear complementarity problem are put forward. But they basically belong to the traditional iterative methods, and may not be efficient since the computing time required for a solution is greatly dependent on the dimension, structure of the problem and the complexity of the algorithm used. Different from the traditional algorithms, the neural network has many advantages on calculations and real-time applications for its inherent massive parallelism and electric circuit implementation.

近年来，人们对广义线性互补问题提出了许多算法，但这些方法基本上属于传统的迭代法，由于它们的计算时间极大地依赖于问题的规模、维数以及所使用的算法，因此很难满足实时并行的要求，与传统数值方法不同，由于内在的并行分布处理信息的特点及电路实现的潜能，神经网络有着许多计算上的优势和实时性的应用，自Hopfield提出著名的人工神经网络模型-Hopfield神经网络，并将其成功应用于优化问题后，用神经网络求解优化问题得到了相当深入的研究，并取得了许多重要的成果。

METHODS: The right peroneal nerve was transected and an epineural window of 1 mm was created on the neighboring tibial nerve.

表皮生长因子组：切断右侧腓神经，在邻近的胫神经干外膜上开一1 mm小窗，将腓神经远端吻合到胫神经干侧方开窗处。

A group of 10 Wistar rats had the peroneal nerve sectioned,and the distal ending was sturued to the lateral face of the tibial nerve after removing an l mm epineural window.

实验将Wistar大鼠一侧腓神经切断，在胫神经外膜上开一1 mm小窗，将腓神经远端与胫神经作端侧吻合。

METHODS: Peripheral nerve injury models of New Zealand rabbits were established. The immediate repairing group received suture immediately after injury; For the other three groups, the two broken ends of their nerves were fixed on sarcolemmas temporarily and their wounds were sutured layer by layer. Then they were opened respectively at week 2, week 4 and month 3 after injury, to receive epineural suture with non traumatic 10-0 nylon suture under operating microscope, after which wounds were sutured again.

建立成年新西兰大白兔周围神经损伤模型，即时修复组立即缝合伤口，2周后神经修复组、4周后神经修复组、3个月后神经修复组采用神经两断端分别固定于肌膜上，逐层缝合伤口，2周，4周，3个月后重新打开伤口，在手术显微镜下用10-0无损伤尼龙针线进行外膜缝合修复坐骨神经，缝合伤口。

METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 15), four methods were designed on rats models of sciatic nerve compression. There were simple decompression as group A, internal neurolysis after decompression as group B, lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected in the epineurium after decompression as group C, and lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected around the epineurium after decompression and internal neurolysis as group D.

在大鼠坐骨神经卡压模型基础上，将60只SD成年雄性大鼠随机等分为四组。A组：仅去除卡压；B组：去除卡压后切开神经外膜；C组：去除卡压后神经外膜下周围注射利美达松(0.5mg/kg)；D组：去除卡压后切开神经外膜，然后在神经周围注射利美达松(0.5mg/kg)。

Methods: The bilateral superior buccal branches of facial nerve were exposed and transected, a nerve growth chamber were created by suturing the epineurium and silicone chamber under microscope .The chambers of experimental sides were injected with HGF/normal saline and that of the control sides with normal saline of same amount (10μL ),the regenerated nerves in the chambers were dissected and postoperative evaluation were performed byelectrophyiological testing , histopathologic, morphological studies under gross observation, light microscope at 1,2,4 weeks after operation, respectively.

实验设生理盐水对照组和肝细胞生长因子组，选用30只成年、健康新西兰家兔，暴露并分离双侧面神经上颊支，将其横断后套入硅胶管内，用显微外科技术将硅胶管与神经外膜缝合以形成硅胶神经再生腔，在一侧硅胶神经再生腔内注入HGF为实验侧，在另一侧注入生理盐水为对照侧，于术后1周、2周、4周分别麻醉家兔后行电生理检测，在肉眼、光镜、特殊染色下进行组织形态学观察，并在光镜下进行形态定量分析。

Anatomical study proved:①.4~8 nutritional vessels of sural nerve –small saphenous vein were the intermuscular perforators of peroneal artery, the furthermost one located at(1.0±1.3)cm above the tip of external malleolus with diameter (0.6±0.2)mm;②.2~6 musculocutaneous perforators were given off by the artery of outer head of gastrocnemius muscle to supply nutrition to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein;③.intermuscular perforators from peroneal artery supplied blood to fibula and outer head of soleus muscle.the perforators with an average outer diameter of （1.3-1.6）cm gave off cutaneous branch ,fascial branch and nutritional vessels to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein,which formed the vessel chain of the sural nerve-small saphenous vein ,sub-fascial and suprafascial vessel net.

结果：1、解剖实验证实：①、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支，最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm，外径(0.6±0.2)mm。②、腓肠肌外侧头动脉沿途发2-6支的肌皮穿支营养腓肠神经-小隐静脉。③、腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm，发出皮支、筋膜支、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管，形成腓肠神经-小隐静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。

Fund Project: the National Natural Science and Technology Source Program, No. 2001DEA1006*Abstract: Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have no cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Based on the noetic science, a hypothesis about the patterns of information stored in human brain is described in detail, and it is suggested that ES and ANN are corresponding to the different ways of processing for such information--logical thought and image thought, thus providing a scientific basis for building a hybrid intelligent system.

在系统分析了专家系统和神经网络方法的优势和弱点的基础上，本文指出了将两者进行综合——建立神经网络专家系统的必要性，并针对当前神经网络专家系统研究中存在的问题，提出神经网络专家系统的建立和设计只有在思维科学的指导下进行，才能避免或少走弯路。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新