上神经

Methods for the control of vocal fold vibration in anesthetized dogs by superior laryngeal nerve electrical stimulation, recurrent laryngeal nerve electrical stimulation and the adjustment of glottal air flow rate with stroboscope and the multifunetion glottograph developed by authors were studied.

本文借助于喉动态镜和作者研制的多功能声门图仪研究了在麻醉状态下，犬喉神经用电刺激的同时，调节声门气流使声带振动的方法；摸清了声门气流、喉上神经与喉返神经受电刺激的变化对声带体振动的影响；同时用电刺激喉上神经与喉返神经模拟了几种喉麻痹。

The Suprascapular nerve is closeto superior transverse scapular ligment at suprascapular hole, close to inferior transverse scapular at subscapular hole. The movement space is limited, the nerve tension is increased when the shoulder abduct, the fascia separate the suprascapular nerve from the rotator cuff.

肩胛上神经分别在肩胛上、下孔处贴近肩胛上韧带、肩胛下韧带，活动余地较小，肩部外展活动时神经张力增大，肩袖和肩胛上神经干之间有筋膜相隔。

First we first establish the apoptosis of related protein glossary database, then downloads the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related abstract from the on-line biomedicine literature , and searchesfor the protein information database of the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related pathway, then uses the data mining technology,with apoptosis of protein related glossary database use already establishment. Automatically searches for the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related protein by the program in the biomedicine literature abstract separately in,(1) a sentence,(2) two sentences,(3) aliterature, finding simultaneously appears protein-protein interation. And comparing to the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related protein database, looking for their repetition. This result comparing to the known neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related pathway, thus looking for unestablished neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis pathway.

首先我们先建立细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质相关词汇字库，再从线上生物医学文献下载神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡相关文献摘要，并且搜寻线上蛋白质资料库中神经退化性疾病之细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质传递路径，接著利用文献探勘技术，使用已建立之细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质相关词汇字库，以程式自动在生物医学文献摘要中搜寻神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡相关蛋白质分别在，（1）一个句子、（2）二个句子、（3）一篇文献，中同时出现的两两蛋白质关系，再与已知线上神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡讯息传递路径资料库的蛋白质两两关系做比较，找出两者重复建立的部分，把这个结果与线上已知之细胞凋亡讯息传递路径资料库蛋白质关系作比较，由此找出尚未建立之细胞凋亡讯息传递路径图。

For those in control group (n=14), the animals did not undergo any surgery of the nerve fibers and ganglia. In Vi group (n=9), the animals underwent bilateral resection of the nasociliary and postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibbers. In SCG group (n=8), the animals underwent bilateral resection of supper cervical ganglia. In V1+SCG group (n=9), the animals underwent both surgeries as Vi and SCG group did. In sham operation group (n=11), the animals underwent carotid manipulation with blunt-tipped forceps as well as dissection of nasociliary and postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers around the ethmoidal foramen, without cutting any nerves. SCS was performed on rats and CBF was monitored by laser Doppler flowmeter recordings.

SD大鼠分5组：对照组（n=14，不对神经纤维和神经节作任何手术处理）、V1组（n=9，切断双侧鼻睫状神经及其副交感节后纤维）、SCG组（n=8，切断双侧颈上神经节）、V1+SCG组（n=9，切断双侧鼻睫状神经及其副交感节后纤维和双侧颈上神经节）、假手术组（n=11，手术暴露双侧鼻睫状神经及其副交感节后纤维和双侧颈上神经节，但不切断神经纤维或神经节）；给予大鼠SCS，并用激光多普勒实时记录脑血流。

Control group, the animal underwent SCS and LDF recordings without any surgery of the nerve fibers and ganglia. V1 group, the animal underwent bilateral resection of the nasociliary and post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibbers. SCG group, the animal underwent bilateral resection of supper cervical ganglion. V1 + SCG group, the animal underwent both surgeries as V1- and SCG-group animals did. Sham group, the animal underwent the carotid manipulation with blunt-tipped forceps as well as the dissection of nasociliary and post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers around the ethmoidal foramen, but without cutting any nerves.

动物分成5组，对照组：不对神经纤维和神经节作任何手术处理；V1组：切断双侧鼻睫状神经及其副交感节后纤维；SCS组：切断双侧颈上神经节；V1+SCG：切断双侧鼻睫状神经及其副交感节后纤维及双侧颈上神经节；假手术组：手术暴露双侧鼻睫状神经和其副交感节后纤维及双侧颈上神经节，但不切断神经纤维或神经节。

Materials and Methods 46 cases with brachial plexus injury underwent traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer to restore shoulder abduction were followed-up. Recipient nerve: suprascapular nerve in 35 cases (upper partial brachial plexus injury 21 cases and total brachial plexus injury 14 cases), axillary nerve in 11 cases(upper partial brachial plexus injury 5 cases and total brachial plexus injury 6 cases); And trapezius muscle function was measured by physical examination and electrophysiological study in 18 patients.

材料与方法臂丛神经损伤患者46例，传统锁骨上前入路副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能；受区神经：肩胛上神经35例(上臂丛神经损伤21例，全臂丛神经损伤14例)，腋神经11例(上臂丛神经损伤5例，全臂丛神经损伤6例)；术后随访肩关节外展功能的恢复，并对来院随访患者随访检查其斜方肌各部肌力及电生理的变化。

Outcomes in patients with suprascapular nerve as recipient was significantly better than that in patients with axillary nerve as recipient, So the suprascapular nerve should be selected as the best choice of recipient; And functional deficit occured in upper, middle and lower portions of trapezius after the traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer.

副神经移位治疗臂丛神经损伤恢复肩关节外展功能，修复肩胛上神经的疗效优于修复腋神经，应把移位修复肩胛上神经作为首选；传统锁骨上前入路手术后斜方肌各部功能有明显下降。

Results Followed-up for 25~37 months (average 27.5 months), the fisrt signs of reinnerveation of suprascapular nerve appeared at 5~12 months,average 9.94±3.26 months,that of axillary nerve appeared at 9~15months, average12.60±3.08 months;The results in patients with suprascapular nerve as recipient(upper partial 57.08±21.16°, total 40.71±14.27°) were significantly better than that in patients with axillary nerve as recipient(upper partial 31.25±20.97°, total 18.75±7.50°). And the muscular function in upper, middle and lower portions of trapezius are affected due to nerve transfer.

结果 随访25~37个月(平均27.5个月)，来院随访18例；副神经移位修复肩胛上神经术后功能恢复征象最早出现在5~12个月，平均9.94±3.26个月，修复腋神经最早出现在9~15个月，平均12.60±3.08个月；修复肩胛上神经肩外展恢复结果(上臂丛神经损伤57.08±21.16°，全臂丛损伤40.71±14.27°)优于修复腋神经的恢复结果(上臂丛神经损伤31.25±20.97°，全臂丛损伤18.75±7.50°)，P.05；副神经移位后斜方肌各部功能丧失明显。

METHODS: Nerve conduction velocity,wave amplitude and corresponding muscular needle electrode electromyogram of median nerve,ulnar nerve,interior and exterior cutaneous nerve in forearm,suprascapular nerve,axillary nerve,musculocutaneous nerve,radial nerve were tested by keypoint myoelectricity evoked potential equipment made in Denmark.

采用丹麦产keypoint肌电诱发电位仪检测正中神经、尺神经、前臂内、外侧皮神经、肩胛上神经、腋神经、肌皮神经、桡神经传导速度、波幅及相应肌肉针电极肌电图。

Nerve conduction velocity,wave amplitude and corresponding muscular needle electrode electromyogram of median nerve,ulnar nerve, interior and exterior cutaneous nerve in forearm, suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve,musculocutaneous nerve,radial nerve were tested by keypoint myoelectricity evoked potential equipment made in Denmark.

采用丹麦产keypoint肌电诱发电位仪检测正中神经、尺神经、前臂内、外侧皮神经、肩胛上神经、腋神经、肌皮神经、桡神经传导速度、波幅及相应肌肉针电极肌电图。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。