上皮瘤

Results of the 621 patients, 388 were identified to have ASCUS, 147 had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 75 had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 11 had squamous cell carcinomas.

结果 将细胞学结果与组织学结果作对比分析，细胞学异常的621例样本中ASCUS 388例，低度鳞状上皮内瘤变147例，高度鳞状上皮内瘤变75例，鳞状上皮细胞癌11。

Quantitative chromatics analysis of large bowel tumorous adenoma and adenocarci-noma was made by the methods of computer image processing.

本文通过对大肠腺瘤和腺癌组织进行计算机图像定量分析，表明大肠腺瘤和腺癌的腺上皮细胞以正常杯状细胞和柱状细胞的色度学特征分布为基准可划分为两大类：杯状细胞性腺上皮和柱状细胞性腺上皮。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

This result indicates that WT1 gene plays an important role in differentiation and development of fetal kidney and may be the factor that promotes metanephric blastemal cell to differentiate into epithelial cell.

结果显示小胎龄肾组织中WT1蛋白在胚基细胞和幼稚肾小球细胞核表达而大胎龄组肾组织中WT1在肾小管细胞胞浆表达，阳性率分别为57.1％(8/14)和46.2%(6/13)，提示WT1基因在胚胎肾分化发育的过程中起着重要作用，WT1蛋白可能是促进后肾胚基细胞向上皮细胞分化的调控因子，其表达在时间上和空间上都受到严格的调控，WT1的表达异常可能导致胚基细胞分化停滞。17例肾母细胞瘤WT1蛋白表达阳性率为41.2%(7/17)，阳性部位在胚基型和上皮型肿瘤细胞核，表达部位和阳性率与早期胚胎肾相似，其中间质型肾母细胞瘤均为阴性，胚基型和上皮型肾母细胞瘤阳性率70%(7/10)，两组间阳性率有显著差异。

We evaluated 350 tumors: 136 ES, including 64 conventional ES, 64 proximal-type ES, and 8 with hybrid features of conventional and proximal-type ES; 54 metastatic carcinomas (22 from lung, 6 breast, 6 stomach, 5 colorectum, 5 kidney, 5 prostate, 5 pancreas); 12 metastatic testicular embryonal carcinomas; 20 metastatic melanomas; 20 epithelioid mesotheliomas; 20 epithelioid angiosarcomas; 10 epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas; 24 epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors; 22 myoepithelial carcinomas of soft tissue; 7 anaplastic large cell lymphomas; 5 histiocytic sarcomas; and 10 control MRT of infancy (4 brain, 3 liver, 2 soft tissue, 1 kidney).

我们总共研究了350例肿瘤：136例ES，其中包括64例寻常型ES、64例近端型ES和8例混有前两型特征的混合型ES；54例转移癌（22例来自肺、6例来自乳腺、6例来自胃、5例来自结直肠、5例来着肾、5例来着前列腺、5例来着胰腺）；12例转移性睾丸胚胎性癌；20例转移性黑色素瘤；20例上皮样间皮瘤；20例上皮样血管肉瘤；10例上皮样血管内皮瘤；24例上皮样恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤；22例软组织的肌上皮癌；7例间变性大细胞淋巴瘤；5例组织细胞肉瘤；10例作为对照的婴幼儿MRT（4例位于脑、3例位于肝、2例位于软组织、1例位于肾）。

DNA content within 25 cholesteatoma tissues and 10 normal postauricular skin was measured with flow cytometry.

利用机械捣碎法将新鲜的胆脂瘤和外耳道上皮制成单细胞悬液；采用PI法，对25例胆脂瘤上皮和10例正常外耳道细胞上皮的DNA进行流式细胞术分析。

Objective:To discuss the clinicopathologic features of trichoepithelioma .

目的：探讨毛发上皮瘤临床及病理改变特点。

CYLD1 gene ; multiple family trichoepithelioma ; mutation ; genetic heterogeneity

CYLD1基因；家族性毛发上皮瘤；突变；遗传异质性

Researches in genodermatoses has rapidly advanced in China in recent ten years. The causative genes involved in multiple familial trichoepithelioma and primary erythermalgia have been found. Two indepen- dent genome-wide scans with DNA markers have been performed to detect genetic linkage related to psoriasis and vitilig...

近几年来我国皮肤遗传病研究也取得了飞速发展，如发现家族性多发性毛发上皮瘤和原发性红斑肢痛症的致病基因，成功进行了汉族人群银屑病和白癜风易感基因的定位，为搜寻其易感基因奠定了坚实基础。

Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is inherited in autosomal dominant manner with high penetrance. The involvement of MFT in woman is more than that in man. Multiple lesions commonly present small tumors located predominantly in the nalolabial folds symmetrically. Most of the tumors are dome-shaped, skin-colored, firm

总之，毛发上皮瘤是一种高度外显的常染色体显性遗传病，女性发病多于男性，以沿鼻唇沟对称分布的乳白色半球形或圆锥形丘疹为皮损特征，无恶化趋势，组织病理为角质囊肿与肿瘤岛，同一家系中不同的患者表现度不同

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。