上电

Unfortunately, it has been shownthat these methods are not suitable to study about chemical bonds due to not involvingchemical bonds. In order to consider chemical bonds obviously, we have proposed an atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model on the basis of density-functionaltheory and electronegativity equalization principle. The main contents of our atom-bond electronegativity equalization model contain:(1)Considering the fact that there are varies of chemical bonds in molecules andpartitioning the molecular electron density as summations of atomic electron densitiesand chemical bond's electron densities, we obtained the basic equations of atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model: the expression of the total energy 〓, theexpression of the atom electronegativity 〓 and the expression of the bondelectronegativity 〓.

为了明确地考虑和处理分子中存在的化学键，以便能够更好地描述体系中的电荷分布进而准确地描述分子体系中的有关物理化学性质，尤其是与化学键有关的物理化学性质，我们在密度泛函理论和电负性均衡原理基础上提出了原子-键电负性均衡模型，原子-键电负性均衡模型的主要内容是：(1)考虑到分子体系中存在各种化学键这个事实，将分子空间看成是由原子区和化学键区组成的，将分子的单电子密度表达成为分子中各组成原子的单电子密度和各化学键的单电子密度的加和，从而得到了原子-键电负性均衡模型的基本方程：分子体系总能量〓和分子中原子电负性〓和化学键电负性〓表达式。

The difference of the LNC in 650-1050ms indexed that understanding one's own mind and other's mind may rely on dissociable neural mechanisms.

从电极点上看，头皮中部电极点上LNC的平均波幅显著大于头皮后部电极点上的幅值。

EMG signal analysis software from DASYLab 6.0 rectus femoralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior , the gastrocnemius and other muscles of the original EMG signal, the 10-500Hz to the band-pass filter processing, the full-wave rectifier on the turn, rate of 10 Hz low-pass smoothing wave treatment, and then by the integral operation, the available IEMG values, and divided by the integral interval of time, come to the average EMG EMG signal amplitude, and action cycle the largest standardized EMG values.

肌电讯号由DASYLab 6.0软体分析股直肌、股二头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌等肌群之原始肌电讯号后，进行10-500Hz的band-pass滤波处理，经全波整流上翻、10 Hz低通率波平滑化处理，再经积分运算后，可得积分肌电值，并除以积分区间之作用时间，得出肌电讯号的平均肌电振幅，并以动作周期中最大肌电值进行标准化处理。

A device and method for preparing compound nano fiber endless tow, which contains feeding material liquid to pair of electric spinning nozzle on frame, each nozzle respectively applied with high dc voltage with opposite polarity, each pair of nozzle jetting out nano fiber with opposite electric charge, said nano fiber attracting and colliding each other to form compound nano fiber, then forming nano fiber endless tow after drawing and stretching, the first opposite set pair of electric spinning nozzle jetted compound nano fiber endless tow is stretched down and used as acceptor which covered by the nano fiber jetted by second pair of nozzle an d forming two layers of compound nano fiber endless tow after drawing and stretching, in turn to get multilayer compound nano fiber endless tow after drawing and stretching by godet roller.

复合纳米纤维长丝束制备装置及其制备方法是一种简单、高效电纺制备纳米纤维长丝束的方法，其步骤为将料液输送给支架(3)上的电纺喷头对(1)；喷口相向的电纺喷头对(1)的每个喷头分别施加相反极性的直流高电压；每对相向喷口喷出分别带相反电荷的纳米纤维，并在空中相互吸引、碰撞形成复合纳米纤维，经牵引、拉伸后形成复合纳米纤维长丝束；第一对相向放置的电纺喷头纺丝形成的复合纳米纤维长丝束向下拉伸，并作为接受体与第二对电纺喷头喷出的分别带相反电荷并相互吸引的纳米纤维在空中相遇，被第二对电纺喷头喷出的纳米纤维包裹，经牵引、拉伸后形成两层复合纳米纤维长丝束；依次类推，最后经导丝辊对(2)牵引、拉伸后得到多层复合纳米纤维长丝束。

Taking the active network as a research task, the input accessibility, the Coates graph of matrix and graph transmission etc are used to analyze the relation between reducibility of the coefficient matrix of the state equation and the electric separability of the network or the electric accessibility of the network for the first time, acquiring sufficient and necessary conditions that coefficient matrix of the state equation is reducible. Network Graph Theory, Matrix Theory and System Theory over F etc are used to derive the structural controllability criterion of the passive network over F for the first time. Then according to these theoretic results, the structural controllability problems of the active network over F are studied, acquiring several structural controllability conclusions of the active network.

率先将状态方程的输入可达、矩阵的Coates图、流图传输系数等概念和方法引入到对F上有源电网络的研究，研究了网络状态方程的系数矩阵的可约性与网络电气可断性或电气可达之间的关系，研究了F上有源电网络的能控性问题，获得了状态方程的系数矩阵可约的充分必要条件、F上有源电网络系统的结构能控性判据等新的结论。

In the dissertation, the study on carbon fiber reinforced concrete andplain concrete has been reviewed. Then mechano-electric effect of CFRC and plainconcrete, its mechanisms, the interaction among mechano-electric effect,piezoresistivity and seebeck effect, the electrical circuit model of concrete based onmechano-electric effect, electromagnetic emission of concrete, the mathematicalmodel of mechano-electric effect are investigated. Also the converse effect ofmechano-electric effect of CFRC and plain concrete, that is, electromechanicaleffect, and the interaction between electromechanical effect and electrothermaleffect of CFRC are examined.

本文对碳纤维混凝土和素混凝土机敏性的国内外研究现状进行了全面的评述，在大量实验分析的基础上，系统地研究了碳纤维混凝土和素混凝土的力电机敏性，研究了力电效应机理、力电效应与其它效应(压阻效应、塞贝克效应等)的耦合关系、基于力电效应的混凝土电学模型、混凝土电磁发射现象、混凝土力电效应的数学模型等；论文同时对混凝土和素混凝土的电力效应、碳纤维混凝土电力效应与电热效应的耦合关系等进行了探讨；最后开展了基于力电效应的机敏混凝土结构应用研究。

FBG sensing technology and its recent progress in applications isintroduced systematically;the coupled-mode theory and the sensing principleof FBG are expatiated and the Bragg formula and reflectivity formula arededuced;the work principle, variety and essential characteristic of PZT areexpatiated in detail, and the configuration of PZT parts of an apparatus issummarized. The mechanism of piezoelectric electrostriction is analyzeddeeply, and the normalized control model is introduced aiming at analyzinghysteresis characteristic, and an electrical polarization intensity control methodbased on the aforementioned model which can effectively reduce the hysteresischaracteristic is discussed.

论文系统地介绍了光纤光栅传感技术及其应用的研究进展状况；详细地阐述了光纤光栅的耦合模理论及光纤布喇格光栅的传感机理；推导出了光纤布喇格光栅的布喇格公式和反射率公式；详细地阐述了压电陶瓷的工作原理、种类和基本特性，总结了压电陶瓷器件的结构形式，深入地分析研究了压电陶瓷逆压电效应及电致伸缩机理，并针对其迟滞特性给出了压电陶瓷归一化控制模型，在此模型基础上采用电极化强度控制方法有效地降低了压电陶瓷的迟滞特性。

In the results of the optical properties, these molecular monomers have different HOMO and LUMO energy gap such that there are dual-emission and energy transfer mechanism in solution fluorescence spectrum. In the study of the electrochemical properties, various of triphenylamine derivaties have different oxygen binding site and they make elecropolymerization happen or not. In the applications of the hole-transport materials, the performance of compound 21 is better than other compounds. The electropolymerized-film may have residual cation molecules so they can increase the concentration of hole-transport. Due to this reason , compound 21 is suitable to become hole-transport materials.

在光学研究方面，由於目标化合物内单体的HOMO及LUMO能阶差异，使得在溶液萤光放射上有双发射及能量转移的情形发生；在电化学研究方面，不同的三苯胺衍生物由於氧基的位置不同，使得取代基在间位的化合物有不错的电聚合效果；而元件的应用上，具有咔唑基团的化合物21由於在形成电聚薄膜后，可能有残余的阳离子态化合物，使得电聚薄膜内的电洞数浓度较高，因此与其他元件相比之下，有较低的启动电压和不错的元件效率。

Thus,locks through the rail switch electricity the contact locks for the signal electricity the magnet coil delivers the electric current,only then the switch location correct only then causes the closed circuit,the signal electricity to lock has the enough electric current,after namely the approval moves the signal handle to cause the semaphore opens,by the signal electricity locks the contact for the rail switch electricity to lock the magnet coil power transmission electric circuit to separate,therefore cannot move the rail switch handle again,soon the rail switch locks in the position.

这样，通过道岔电锁器的接点给信号电锁器的电磁线圈送电流，只有道岔位置正确才使电路接通，信号电锁器有足够电流，即准许扳动信号握柄使信号机开放后，由信号电锁器的接点给道岔电锁器电磁线圈送电的电路被断开，于是再不能扳动道岔握柄，即将道岔锁在规定位置上。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。