上电

Experimental results show that the different substituted location and different substituted group on benzene cycle would result in the diversity of reduction properties of substituted aryl nitrobenzene. Substituted nitrobenzenes with withdrawing group will be reduced at more positive potential, while those with repelling group will be reduced at more negative potential. In addition, the reduction potential of nitro group of o-nitrobenzene shifts more negative due to the effect of space resistance.

结果表明，芳族硝基化合物在苯环上的取代基位置不同以及在相同位置上取代基的种类不同均可使各芳族硝基化合物的电还原性能发生较大差异：吸电子取代基在电还原过程中电位较正，推电子取代基的电还原电位较负：邻位取代基在反应过程中由于空间位阻效应，苯环上的硝基在电还原时电位往负方向移动。

The results show that the equiaxed zone ratio of the casting billet is greatly increased,with its soidification structure is obviously improved,and the momentum values of the electromagnetic forces both parallel to and perpendicular to the direction of the traveling magnetic field pulsate periodically with time.

采用三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌技术进行了铸坯的静态浇铸实验，并对电磁搅拌过程中钢液内的电磁力各分量的瞬时值进行了理论分析·结果表明，当采用将电磁搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时，在钢液内所产生的电磁力是脉动的，其大小呈周期性变化，尤其是垂直于磁场运动方向上的电磁力，其脉动的幅度很大·由此认为，当采用将搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时，所产生的垂直于磁场运动方向上的脉动电磁力是提高等轴晶比率，改善铸坯凝固组织的一个重要原

For MOS capacitors, the saturation current is mainly attributed to the electron-hole pair recombination mechanism. But for MOS capacitors, the saturation current is mainly attributed to the electron-hole pair generation mechanism, and is also controlled by interface trap densities, bulk traps, and suboxide.

对於N型矽基板上的氧半电容而言，其饱和电主要为电子电对在界面及空乏区的合机制，但是对於P型矽基板上的氧半电容而言，其饱和电受控於空乏区内电子电之产生与表面陷阱电荷，矽基板内缺陷，还有次氧化层。

4The electrical double layer model, joining with the microstructure of CFRC,fractal electrical emission, electrothermal effect, thermoelectrical effect and electrical osmosis are used to analyze the mechanism of mechanoelectric effect and electromechanical effect of CFRC.

采用正交试验方法研究了不同配比分散剂对碳纤维在水泥基体中分散性的影响，得到了较佳分散剂配比，探讨了分散剂的作用机理和碳纤维长度分布规律；（2）研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料中纤维掺量、水灰比、电极形式、载荷形式等对力电效应的影响，考察了CFRC力电效应的两种表现形式及在机敏混凝土结构上的应用；（3）研究了CFRC立方试块、CFRC梁和不含导电填料梁的电力效应，分析了电流大小、电流方向等与电致变形的关系；（4）根据界面电偶层模型，结合CFRC的微观结构，以及断裂电发射、电热效应、热电效应和电渗效应等分析了CFRC力电、电力效应的机理，阐明碳纤维的作用机制。

In this thesis, basic manufacturing processes and techniques for integrated ferroelectrics, such as thin film deposition and film patterning, have been studied. Based on these studies, lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin film, which has higher piezoelectric constant than normal piezoelectric materials, is used in silicon-based piezoelectric miniature microphone.

本论文深入系统的研究了硅基铁电薄膜的制备方法及刻蚀加工等集成技术，在此基础上创新性地提出将具有优异力电耦合性能的锆钛酸铅铁电薄膜用于硅基微麦克风研制的思想，完成了器件的优化设计，并成功实现了国际上首个铁电微麦克风器件原型。

The key point of the structure of the utility model is that: the other side of the reducer that is arranged on the platform is provided with a hoisting device; the roller shaft end of the electronic controlled windlass is provided with a hub, a damper brake is arranged outside the hub; the input castellated shaft of the reducer that is arranged on the electronic windlass is provided with duplicate gears that have different amount of teeth.

本实用新型包括标准节，两侧标准节的中间为平台，电控卷扬机的卷绳通过平台上的滑轮同吊盘相连；平台上的减速器的一侧设置有可提升平台的具有卷绳的滚筒，平台上设置有具有滑轮的支架，其结构要点平台上的减速器的另一侧设置有提升装置；电控卷扬机的滚筒轴端设置有轮毂，轮毂外设置有制动闸；电控卷扬机的减速器的输入花键轴上设置具有不同齿数的双连齿轮，双连齿轮之间的凹槽内的拨杆同减速器外的摇把相连。

A hammer drill, in particular a chipper comprising: a body 2 having at least one support handle 4; an electric motor mounted within the body 2 ;an electric switch 22, capable of being switched on and off by a trigger button 8 connected to it, to activate or deactivate respectively the electric motor, wherein the trigger button 8 is moveable between two positions, a first position where the electric switch 22 is off and a second position where the electric switch 22 is on; a locking arm 38 moveably mounted on the electric switch 22 which, when the trigger button 8 is located in its second position, is moveable between two positions, a first position where it is disengaged from the trigger button 8 and a second position where it engages with the trigger button 8 and holds the trigger button 8 in its second position.

锤钻特别是錾，包括：本体(2)，该本体(2)具有至少一个支撑手柄(4)；安装在本体(2)内的电动马达；电开关(22)，该电开关(22)能够由连接到电开关(22)上的触发按钮(8)接通和断开，从而分别使电动马达启动或停用，其中该触发按钮(8)能够在两个位置即第一位置和第二位置之间移动，在该第一位置处电开关(22)断开，在该第二位置处电开关(22)接通；可移动地安装在电开关(22)上的锁紧臂(38)，当触发按钮(8)位于它的第二位置中时，该锁紧臂(38)能够在两个位置即第一位置和第二位置之间移动，在该第一位置处锁紧臂(38)与触发按钮(8)脱离，在该第二位置处锁紧臂(38)与触发按钮(8)接合并将触发按钮(8)保持在触发按钮(8)的第二位置中。

A miniature motor 1 includes: a motor case 2; a gear case 5 connected to the motor case 2, for pivotally supporting an output shaft 15; a brush holder 30, 30 ' for holding a brush 17 and attached to the gear case 5; and a brush holder attaching portion 7, 7 ', which is formed into a recess-shape, into which the brush holder is press-fitted in the axial direction of the output shaft, the brush holder attaching portion being formed integrally with the gear case.

本发明公开了一种微型马达(1)，包括：马达壳体(2)；连接到马达壳体(2)上的齿轮箱(5)，用于可枢转地支撑输出轴(15)；电刷托架(30、30′)，用于保持电刷(17)并安装到齿轮箱(5)上；以及电刷托架安装部分(7、7′)，该安装部分形成为凹陷形状，电刷托架沿着输出轴的轴向压配合到该安装部分内，电刷托架安装部分与齿轮箱一体地形成。

The invention relates to a composite high-temperature electric heating element and relative producing method, which is formed by graphite, carbon silicon and molybdenum silicide.

本发明公开了一种复合高温电发热元件及其制作方法，它是由石墨、碳化硅和二硅化钼三种材料复合组成的电发热元件；在将石墨、碳化硅和二硅化钼三种材料复合组成电发热元件时，将石墨作为基础层，在石墨基础层上先覆盖上碳化硅层，然后再在碳化硅层上覆盖上二硅化钼层。

Comparing with oxygen plasma treatment, the process has little impact on MSZ film, and has little change in the dielectric constant and leakage current. On the reliability, the electrical properties of supercritical CO2 fluid process are better than that of O2 plasma ashing process.

相对於氧电浆处理，本制程对低介电常数材料的影响较小，具有较小的介电常数和漏电流的改变，在可靠度上超临界二氧化碳流体制程更是在电性上明显优於氧电浆处理。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。