上游

Every river has a upstream, midstream and downstream.

每条河流都有上游，中游，下游。

In the present study, the unidirectional CaMV 35S promoter has been modified to a bi-directional promoter by fusing its minimal promoter element to the 5′end of CaMV 35S promoter in the opposite orientation.

在本研究中，通过在CaMV35S启动子的上游反向连接其小启动子，将其改造为双向启动子。

Only if the finished-goods market is competitive and a fair environment in the upstream industry for existing firms and potential firms is built, the monopsony behaviors in the intermediated-goods market can be broken.

要打破中间产品市场的买方垄断，必须在下游行业构造可竞争性的市场结构，为上游行业的潜在竞争者进入和在位厂商之间的竞争创造公平的市场环境。

Marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone.

身体有深色纵向的条纹海生食用和猎用鱼；移栖河的上游产卵；有时被归为岩属。

MAKING WAVES \ 制造波纹 A duck swam through the oily Moskva River Friday in Moscow.

一只鸭子上周五在莫斯科布满油渍的莫斯科河面上游过。

In order to diagnose disease caused by muscovy duck parvovirus rapidly and accurately, and at same time, further study the taxonomic relationship between muscovy duck parivovirus and goose parvovirus, two pairs of PCR primers (LHMP1/LHMP2 and LHGP1/LHGP2) were designed respectively base on complete nucleotide sequences of Muscovy duck and Goose parvoviruses registered in the GenBank, The LHMP1 for the upper one and the LHMP2 for the lower one, corresponding to the specific nucleotides sequence 454-472 and 1173-1155 respectively in MDPV, and the LHGP1 for the the upper one and the LHGP2 for the lower one, corresponding to the specific nucleotides sequence 454-472 and 1173-1155 respectively in GPV.

为了能快速、准确地对番鸭细小病毒病进行诊断，同时为了能进一步弄清番鸭细小病毒与鹅细小病毒在分类学上是一种怎样的关系，比较GenBank中MDPV和GPV的基因序列，针对这两种病毒左阅读框编码非结构蛋白基因序列的相同区段，分别构建两对PCR引物。第一对引物LHMP1／LHMP2是根据MDPV的基因序列设计的，上游引物针对MDPV基因序列的454～472；下游引物针对基因序列的1173～1155，为19个碱基，扩增跨幅为719bp。

Analysis of nuclear extracts of human cells has indicated a similar excision repair mechanism for nick-directed mismatch correction in higher cells, and several reconstituted systems that rely on purified human proteins have been described, such as hMutSα、hMutSβ、hMutLα. Recently, scientists discovered that nickel could be inhibitors of DNA repair. Nickel can greatly enhance the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of compounds in cigarette by inhibiting the nucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. We have confirmed that nickel could inhibit MMR of E. coli and human and presumed that nickel inhibited repair before MutH incision of the MMR in E. coli. However, there is no evidence of mechanism of nickel inhibiting MMR in human cells.

镍是存在於香菸中的微量金属，近年来有学者发现镍是DNA修复反应的抑制剂，长期抽烟的人会容易因为香菸中化合物攻击DNA而引起突变，进而引起肺癌，而镍会抑制核苷酸移除修复系统（nucleotide excision repair；NER），所以使得体内的DNA损伤无法修复；过去实验室已经证实大肠杆菌的核酸配对错误修复系统会受到镍等重金属的抑制，并且推测出镍的抑制反应是抑制在修复反应的上游nicking的步骤；另外，也证实了人类的核酸配对错误修复系统也会受到镍的抑制，然而还没研究证实会抑制在核酸配对错误修复反应的哪个步骤。

I signal to Cui Wei to advance towards me and show him this mystify creature.

我向崔巍示意让他马上游过来，并指出这条神秘化的鱼类！

A tracking study was carried out on the developing progress and trend of the ISO Upstream NaturalGas Technical Committee （ISO/TC193/SC3）, the organization and the structure of which were introduced in detail.

为此，对国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会天然气上游领域分委会ISO/TC 193/SC3的标准化发展动态进行了跟踪研究。

Relationship between expression of bcl-2, bax and p53 and apoptosis of neoplastic cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

与此同时，我们还研究了bcl-2/bax的上游调控基因p53在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其与bcl-2和bax表达的关系。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷