上段

Methods: Data of 22 Patients with upper ureteric calculus that treated by MPCNL were reviewed retrospectively.

目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。

objective: to investigate the value of minimally invasive perctaneous nephrolithotony in upper ureteric calculi.

目的：探讨经皮肾微造瘘输尿管肾镜取石术在输尿管上段结石的应用价值。

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in management of complicated upper ureteric calculi, comparing with Trans-urethral Ureteroscope Lithotripsy.

目的：比较微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术与经尿道输尿管镜下碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效。

minimally invasive perctaneous nephrolithotony is the best way in treating complicated upper ureteric calculi.

min–pcnl在复杂性输尿管上段结石治疗中应为首选。

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and explore the major techniques of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.

目的 探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的技术要点，评价微创手术方法治疗上段输尿管结石的临床价值。

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic upper ureterolithotomy.

目的：探讨经后腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床价值和疗效。

Methods:12 cases underwent retroperitoneoscopic upper ureterolithotomy.

对12例（14侧）输尿管上段结石采用后腹腔镜治疗。

Retroperitoneal laparoscopy ureterolithotomy is safe and effective with a rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石安全、疗效确切，患者创伤小、恢复快。

Background: Oesophageal acid infusion induces enhanced pain hypersensitiity in non-acid exposed upper oesophagus in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, thus suggesting central sensitisation contributes to isceral pain hypersensitiity in functional gut disorders.

背景：非心源性的胸痛患者，在非酸暴露的食管上段因食管酸灌注可导致疼痛的敏感性增加，这提示在功能性肠道紊乱中，中枢促感觉剂可导致内脏疼痛的过敏。

Background: Oesophageal acid infusion induces enhanced pain hypersensitiity in non-acid exposed upper oesophagus in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, thus suggesting central sensitisation contributes to isceral pain hypersensitiity in functional gut disorders.

背景：非心源性胸痛的患者，在无酸暴露的上段食管因食管酸灌注可诱导痛觉高敏感，这提示在功能性肠道机能紊乱中，中枢致敏可导致内脏痛觉高敏感。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。