上段

Some innovative results are listed below:1、According to the lithologic characters,lithofacies,genetic classification and the geomorphy,the Quaternary system is divided into piedmont-gully\'s and plain\'s. The piedmont-gully\'s Quaternary sediment,which is about 3～20 meters in thick,is in the western hills of the study area.The plain\'s Quaternary sediment is widely distributed in the study area,which is about 30～60meters thick and become thicker from southwest to northeast.2、The Quaternary sediments of plain can be divided into five sedimentary cycles.The Late Pleistocene series Quantan group,at the bottom of the Quaternary System,is constituted by a fluvial facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycle. The Late Pleistocene series Jiashan group,at the middle of the Quaternary sediment, is constituted by two fluvial facies-neritic facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles.The Holocene series Binhai group,at the upper of the Quaternary sediment, is divided into three parts,the under layer and middle layer are constituted by two littoral facies-river and lake facies sedimentary cycles,the upper layer is constituted by paludal facies,which was deposited at the lower-lying land like West Lake, Jiangcun-Gu dang,Xianghu lake,and coastal-estuary facies in other area.3、Folding and fault activities were weak in Quaternary and the tectonic activity had little influence on the Quaternary sedimentation.The ancient landforms,the evolvement of the river system and transgression were the main elements which controlled the Quaternary sedimentation in Hangzhou.The ancient landforms formed the basis of the Quaternary sedimentation.The evolvement of the river system and transgression individually or jointly controlled the Quaternary sedimentation of this area.4、The alternation of the climate was the main reason for the evolvement of the river systems and transgression,and it\'s also the reason why the Quaternary system of Hangzhou has the special sedimentary structure which is called soft interbed with hard layers.

通过研究取得了以下成果：1、根据岩性、岩相、成因类型和地貌特点，将本区第四系划分为山麓沟谷区沉积和平原区沉积：山麓沟谷区第四系主要分布于西部丘陵地区，厚度较薄且变幅大，一般厚3～20m；平原区第四系广布分区，由南西向北东逐渐增厚，一般厚30～60m.2、平原区第四系自下而上大体由五个完整或不完整的沉积旋回构成：底部上更新统全塘组，由河流相—河湖相的沉积旋回构成；中部上更新统嘉善组，由河流相—浅海相—河湖相两个沉积旋回构成；上部全新统滨海组，其下中两段由滨海海湾相—河湖相的两个沉积旋回构成，上段由西湖、蒋村—古荡、湘湖等低洼处沉积的湖沼相和其他地区沉积的滨海河口相构成。3、第四纪以来，研究区内褶皱、断裂活动微弱，构造运动对第四系沉积的影响不大，古地形、古水系的发育、变迁和海侵是杭州市第四系沉积的主要控制因素：古地形构成了第四系沉积的基底，水系与海侵在其后的不同阶段或分别或联合的主导了区内的第四系沉积。4、水系的发育、变迁和海侵的共同原因是天气变化，正是由于第四纪以来"冷热交替"的天气特点形成了杭州市第四系"软硬互层"的特殊沉积结构。

It was point out that main roof can form the voussoir beam structures in the inclination, and immediate roof located at the middle\|lower section of a longwall face probably forms a voussoir arch structure with a small scale because of waste filling.

提出了大倾角条件下老顶岩层在运动中易于形成倾斜砌体结构板大结构，直接顶岩层则因上段冒落矸石充填，在采场中下段形成砌体梁小结构，并探讨了中下段小结构平衡的极限条件和结构失稳形式

Grinding the Glasscock triangle can expose the os petrosum segment of ICA,so ICA can be blocked.

磨开Glasscock三角可以暴露岩骨段颈内动脉，是实施颅内段阻断颈内动脉的位置，这个位置又可行颈内动脉海绵窦段的旷置和颈内动脉床突上段的搭桥。

Result: Porosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord, rupture of muscle bundles, hypertrophia and over growth of muscle cells and collagens, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the bladder wall could been seen under HE dyeing. Nissal dyeing showed the decrease of neurons at the injured segment, upper and lower segments of the spinal cord. Result of immunohistochemistry showed there were caspase-3 positive expression in all the segments. The injured spinal cord and bladder expressed significantly more caspase-3 positive results (P.0l), upper and lower segments were lower than the injured segments (P.01), but higher than the control team (P.0l).

结果：HE染色发现脊髓损伤后脊髓内空洞形成、炎性细胞浸润等病理学变化，膀胱壁中可见到肌束断裂、肌细胞肥大增生、胶原增生、炎性细胞浸润等病理学改变；Nissal染色显示脊髓损伤后损伤节段及其上、下节段均出现神经元数量的减少；免疫组化结果表明3组均有不同程度的caspase-3表达，损伤组脊髓和膀胱内膜caspase-3表达较正常组显著增加(P.01)，损伤上段及下段caspase-3表达较损伤节段为少(P.01)，但均高于正常对照组(P.01)。

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of laparoscopy and open ureterolithotomy in the treatment of ureterastone and investigate the management pringciples of retroperi to neal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.

目的 比较腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术与开放性输尿管上段切开取石术的疗效，并探讨腹腔镜经腹膜后途径行输尿管上段切开取石术的处理要点。

Because the lengths in femurs are quite different in different patients,besides noises,the upper segment and lower segment of the femur influence the design of t...

但是在术前模型中由于获得的股骨段的长度不一样，除受噪声点干扰外，股骨本身的上段切片以及下段髁部切片对基轴线的确定也有很大的影响。

Resultthe pigmenting area of sigmoidocolic carcinoma was sector from the bowel about 6～10cm of amphi-tumor to inferior mesenteric artery along mesentery.

结果 乙状结肠癌为一向心性扇形着色区，癌肿两端6～10cm肠段沿系膜至肠系膜下动脉区域；直肠上段癌着色区域分为三个部分，第一部分为癌肿两端3～6cm肠段以及沿肠系膜下动脉至腹主动脉分枝处，第二部分为盆底腹膜及部分膀胱表面腹膜，第三部分为髂血管区域。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

The differentiation ability of outward and middle bulb scale s was excelled inward ones.

3个品种外部鳞片和中部鳞片的分化能力大于内部鳞片；同一个鳞片上段鳞片的分化能力最差，下段最强；每块鳞片分化不定芽数也是上段最少，下段最多。

The invention discloses a device for spreading machine docking with trucks, which consists of damping mechanisms installed on both side between the spreading machine and the roller; the damping mechanism consists of side plate 1, sliding block 2, flexible element 3, and shaft 4, the flexible element 3 is sleeved on the shaft 4 of which one end linked with spreading machine and the other with sliding block 2, side plate is on upper section of sliding block 2 and fixed on the machine, lower section of sliding block is linked with roller.

本发明公开了一种摊铺机与卡车对接缓冲装置，它为设置于摊铺机机身前端与推滚之间的左、右各一副阻尼机构(10)；所述阻尼机构(10)包括端板(1)、滑块(2)、弹性元件(3)和轴(4)，弹性元件(3)套于轴(4)上，轴(4)的一端与推铺机机身(5)相连，滑块(2)与轴(4)的另一端相连，端板(1)位于滑块(2)上段之外，并固定于推铺机机身(5)上，滑块(2)的下段与推滚(6)相接。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。