上拱梁

On summarizing the common methods of reinforcement and reconstruction,bring forward a series new methods of reinforcement and reconstruction -from extrados reinforcing Two-way Curved Arch Bridge,including mostly reinforcing vault and skewback critical sections,at the same time optimizing deck structure reinforcement method;only reinforcing skewbackreinforcement method;altering arched arch construction for beam-arched arch reinforcement method.and combining condition of health rating with reinforcement method,as for different quality grade to select different reinforcement method.

在总结常用加固改造方法的基础上，提出了系列新的加固改造方法—从拱背加固双曲拱桥，包括主要加强拱顶和拱脚两控制截面，同时优化桥面结构的加固方法；仅加强拱脚截面的加固方法；改拱式拱上建筑为梁拱式拱上建筑的加固方法。并把技术状况评定等级与加固方法结合起来，根据不同的质量等级选择不同的加固方法。

Based on the marriage of finite elements method and multi-arch beam method, improving equivalent stress analysis method of arch dam is proposed and the effect of mesh size on arch dam equivalent stress is discussed in this paper.

在综合有限元和多拱梁法优点的基础上，提出了一种改进的拱坝等效应力分析方法，并通过算例探讨了网格尺寸对拱坝等效应力的影响。

"Capital:In architecture, the crowning member of a column, pier, pilaster , or other vertical form, providing a structural support and transition for the horizontal member or arch above."

柱头：建筑中，柱子、墩、壁柱等的顶部，在结构上支承其上的梁、额枋、檐部或拱等构件。到中国译典经典版本中查找关于pilaster的最新解释和例句。。。。

"Capital:In arch itecture, the crowning member of a column, pier, pilaster, or other vertical form, providing a structural support and transition for the horizontal member or arch above."

柱头：建筑中，柱子、墩、壁柱等的顶部，在结构上支承其上的梁、额枋、檐部或拱等构件。

The ratio of the vertical load distributed between the arch rib and the tie beam of the two schemes is the same. For the integral girder deck scheme, the longitudinal beams and the deck slab of endure more axial force compared to the ballast girder deck scheme, especially to the deck slab with a conspicuous increase of the axial force and higher stress, and the tie beam endure less. The force-bearing characteristics of the cross beams under the integral girder deck scheme is obviously better than that of the ballast girder deck scheme, especially at the two ends of each cross beam.

在受力上，与道碴板桥面方案相比，整体桥面方案竖向荷载在拱肋和系梁之间的分配基本相同，混凝土板和纵梁分担的纵向力则相对更大，尤其是混凝土板，增幅较明显，应力水平整体较高，系梁分担的纵向力则得到减小，横梁的受力状况整体桥面方案明显优于道碴板桥面方案，特别是在梁端处。

Based on these hot and key spots in construction of high dams at present, Combining one of the 973 plan projects: Study of Global Stability of Geology Engineering System under Interaction of Several Factors(NO.2002CB412707), the dissertation mainly studies the stability anomaly and corresponding shape optimization. The main contents are as follows:The dissertation advances stability analysis method of arch dams based on arch-cantilever method, that is, the stability of arch ring and cantilever are analyzed respectively based on arch-cantilever method and corresponding formula of stability calculation is established. So the calculation methods of dam stress and stability are unified.

围绕目前高拱坝建设中的热点和重点问题，结合973计划课题：多因素相互作用下地质工程系统的整体稳定性研究(编号 2002CB412707)，重点研究高拱坝的稳定转异以及体形优化，现将主要内容归纳如下：本文提出基于拱梁分载法的拱坝稳定分析方法，即在拱梁分载法的基础上，分别分析拱圈和悬臂梁的稳定，建立相应的稳定计算公式，统一坝体结构稳定和应力计算方法。

The innovations of the thesis have been shown in several aspects as follows: put forward the transfer mechanism model of the landslide thrust on basis of the soil arching theory, and according to the model the formula about how to compute the thrust acting on the pile and the maximum pile spacing have been deduced. Set up the displacement model about the interaction of the pile and landslide, and their relatively displacement can be taken into consideration when computing the pile, thus the limitation of supposing the distribution of landslide thrust has been avoided, at the same time, the applied condition of the model and the computing procedure have been given. Bring forward the improved computing method of the anti-sliding pile with prestressed cable, which has been verified rational and applicable, making the method more perfectly in theory. Through the study on the mechanical model of the foundation beam with prestressed cable, put up the limit design idea of the structure, and the realization procedure of the idea has been given and programmed with the finite element, which leads to a new thinking for the safe and rational design of the foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable.

本论文的创新之处在于，用土拱理论建立了滑坡推力在抗滑桩与坡体之间的传递机制模型，并由此得到了作用于抗滑桩上的滑坡推力计算式以及最大桩间距的确定条件式；建立了抗滑桩与滑坡体相互作用的位移模型，该模型能考虑桩与坡体相互作用过程中二者相对位移的影响，避免了人为假设滑坡推力分布形式的缺陷，给出了其适用条件和计算过程；提出了预应力锚索抗滑桩的改进计算方法，使得预应力锚索抗滑桩的计算理论更加完善，通过实例验证了该方法的适用性和合理性；在预应力锚索地梁力学计算模型研究的基础上，提出了预应力锚索地梁极限状态设计的新思想，给出了该设计方法的实现途径并编制了有限元计算程序，为锚索地梁合理而安全的设计提供了一种新思路。

In this paper, the vehicle model on a scale of 1/4 and the half-sine curve are used to simulate the longitudinal curve of the plate girder bridge deck with creeping camber and the mathematical relations between the vehicle vertical vibration response and creeping camber, span length and vehicle traveling speed of the bridge are derived.

采用1/4汽车模型和半正弦曲线模拟板梁徐变上拱桥面线形，推导车辆竖向振动响应与板梁徐变上拱度、桥梁跨径、行车速度之间的数学关系。

The arch bending on the top of the original main arch ring corresponds to every arch rib and the bottom beam on its landscape orientation. As a result it becomes a down arc frame similar to slab-and-beam floor system. On the arch bending and bottom beam just established, standing pillar, main beam, horizontal rib beam and bridge front-panel would be built subsequently. Both ends of the main beam would then be put off the new hat beam made of reinforced concrete. Now, it becomes an upper slab-and-beam floor system. Two decks will be joined together on the middle of the bridge, which forms the ability of spanning and loading.

在原主拱圈拱肋相应位置处增设拱伏，横向增设底梁，形成一个下层弧形的类似肋梁楼盖的结构；在已浇筑好的拱伏与底梁上，继续现浇立柱、主梁和横向肋梁、桥面板，主梁的两端搁置在桥台处新增加的钢筋混凝土台帽梁上，形成一个上层肋梁楼盖结构，并且上下两层楼盖在桥梁跨中互为渗透结合成一个牢固的整体，共同完成了跨越和承载的能力。

The internal forces of the main arch springers are calculated in different rise-span ratios of top and bottom arch ribs. The internal forces of arch ribs and deformations of main spans are calculated in 1/5, 1/4 rise-span ratios of top and bottom stacked arch ribs and in 1/5 rise-span ratio of dumb-bell arch ribs.

给出上、下拱肋为不同矢跨比情况下的主拱拱脚截面内力，当叠合拱桥的上、下拱肋矢跨比分别采用1/5、1/4与矢跨比为1/5的哑铃拱拱肋的内力和主梁及拱顶变形计算结果。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。