上微分

The suspended sediment exponent model and quadratic inversion model solving spectrum reflectance, spectrum reflectance mean value and reflectance first-order derivative are established respectively, based on the analysis of spectrum characteristics. The results showed that the 900 nm wavelength exponent model can accurately quantitatively inverse the suspended sediment concentrations.

在对其光谱特性进行分析的基础上，分别建立了悬浮泥沙光谱反射率、光谱反射率均值和反射率一阶微分的指数反演模型和二次反演模型，结果显示 900 nm 波长的指数模型可以较准确地定量反演出悬浮泥沙浓度。

The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, based on the differential geometry of the chaotic controller not only can eliminate the chaotic oscillation, but also be able to control the system to any given orbit, the effect was better than the traditional method of linear approximation.

分析和仿真结果显示，基于微分几何方法设计的控制器，不仅能够消除混沌振荡，而且能够把系统控制到任意给定轨道上，控制效果明显优于传统近似线性化方法。

In digital process method of the I-V characteristic curves of the probe, we carry out the smooth treatment of the curves and obtain the second derivatives of the curves, using the ready-made software ORIGIN5.O. This is a simple and effective method.

在对探针特性曲线的数值处理方法上，采用了现成软件Origin5.0先对其进行光滑处理，然后进行二次微分的方法，取得了良好的效果。

Renal tubular epithelial cells ; microdissection ; primary

肾小管上皮细胞；微分离；原代培养

In general, because of their nonlinearity, it is hard to calculate the Choquet expectation and minimax expectation.

本论文的前半部分将在倒向随机微分方程的基础上，用[1]中定理1的方法计算几个特殊的Choquet期望和最大，最小数学期望。

This paper firstly reviews the history of Automated Theorem Proving and Mizar,then gives a description of methods of mechanical theorem proving and verification to mathematical proposition under Mizar system.Based on that basis,the paper has done some Mizar researches on mixed operation of quaternion,differentiati- on of special composite function and the application of Rolle\'s theorem.

本文首先介绍了定理机器证明和Mizar语言系统的发展历史，其次简单描述了Mizar系统下定理机器证明和校验数学命题的方法，在此基础上对四元数的混合运算，特殊复合函数的微分以及洛尔定理的应用等方面进行了Mizar实现。

We expect it will benefit the industry field to break through the optical measuring limits at present by offering some new ideas. Optical measuring research based on moire interferometry has developed for several decades. The main idea of this research is to utilize the moire effect caused by two superimposed gratings of identical or similar spatial frequency. One is the reference grating and it is a virtual grating created by a computer program in this research; The other grating is the image of grating projected on the measured surface by the DLP projector, and this grating will distort because of the different sloped profile of the surface. To superimpose the program-created grating and the captured distorted grating will derive the so-called moire effect. This research combined the basic theory of optical interferometry and moire effect to project the different phases of the projected grating fringes by the phase-shifting method and compute the principal value of arguments between -π,π. In the end, the phase unwrapping program based on discrete Fourier transform of solving PDEs is used to unwrap the phase of the measured surface, and finally the surface profile is derived by the optical measuring system.

以叠纹干涉术为基础的光学检测研究之发展早已行之有年，而在本研究中所采用的投影叠纹法(Projection moiré)之主要精神在於藉由两道空间频率相近或相同的光栅相互叠加而成的效应，其中一道为参考光栅，而本研究中的参考光栅是以程式产生可调整不同空间频率的虚拟光栅；另一道则为投影至待测物表面的光栅影像，而在起伏高度不一的待测表面上的光栅影像会受到待测物表面起伏状况不同而在观测方向产生光栅投影条纹影像的歪曲变形，将电脑产生的参考光栅与由影像撷取装置所获取投影於待测物表面的光栅影像作叠合，便会产生所谓的叠纹效应；利用基本的光学干涉理论与叠纹效应结合，本研究中以相移法来改变投影於待测表面的光栅相位，再以相移法的理论反运算出在带有待测面各点高度资讯之介於-π，π相位主幅角，再以离散傅立叶转换解偏微分方程的相位重建程式还原待测面的相位值，以得知待测面之表面轮廓。

In the last a few years, the differential solution of wave equation was hold up by the condition of computation. Kirchhoff integral method rose in the initial stages of the ninetieth decade of last century.

前几年波动方程微分解由于受计算条件的限制而难于在地震资料处理过程中发挥作用，上世纪90年代初发展起来的克希霍夫积分方法，因本身存在的缺陷也难于在深层地震资料处理中取得新的突破。

For a well-posed initial value problem of PDE, this paper estimates the values of its unknown functions on the initial surface with the kernel method in nonparametric regression analysis to deal with the data collected at different time and different positions.

对于一个适定的偏微分方程组广义初值问题，该文利用非参数回归分析中的核估计方法，对在不同时间和不同空间记录下的数据进行整合，估计出未知函数在初始曲面上的值。

By using the method of upper and lower solutions ,we obtain the existence of solutions for boundary value problem of second order integro differential equations of Volterra type in a normal cone.

利用上、下解法在正规锥上证明了二阶非线性Volterra型积分微分方程边值问题解的存在性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。