上微分

Based on analyzing the d-δ commutation relation for the linear stationay differential constrained systems and affine differential constrained systems, the relationship between noncommutator of differentiation and variation and nonholonomicity of the differential constraints is briefly proved by means of Frobenius integrability theory.

文中以微分约束的Frobenius可积性理论为依据，在分析线性稳定微分约束系统和仿射微分约束系统的d-δ对易关系基础上，简要论证了微分与变分的非对易子与微分约束的非完整性之间的关系。

Based on the partial differtial equation,the solution of an integro-differential equation in an infinite interval is expressed in terms of the solution of this kind of equation in a finite interval.

研究了跳扩散框架下采用障碍红利分配策略模型中的自由边界问题，利用偏微分方程理论将有界区间上积分-微分方程的解用无界区间上积分-微分方程的解表示，在此基础上得到了期望累积贴现红利函数及自由边界所满足的方程

We calculate the differential characteristic set of determining equations for source evolution equations (include several linear and nonlinear differential system of equations).

用算法′计算了几个微分方程对称的确定方程组(包括线性微分方程组以及非线性微分方程组)的微分特征列集，并在计算量上对算法′与算法进行了比较。

Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay under the uniformly Lipschitz condition, linear grown condition and contractive condition can be directly derived; And the moment estimate of the solution and the estimate for error between the approximate solution and the accurate solution can be both given; If the uniformly Lipschitz condition is replaced by the local Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness theorem can be gained; Meanwhile, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution in the interval 0,+∞ can also be obtained; Secondly, L~p-exponential estimate of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay can be studied; At length, the theorem of the local solution about neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay only under the local Lipschitz condition and the contractive condition can be established.

首先，在一致Lipschitz条件，线性增长条件和压缩性条件下，直接得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性，并给出了解的矩估计，近似解与精确解之间的误差估计；将一致Lipschitz条件替换为局部Lipschitz条件，也得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟—性，同时，也给出了在整个区间0，+∞上具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性定理；其次，也讨论了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的L~p指数估计；最后，在局部Lipschitz条件和压缩性条件下，建立了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程局部解的存在惟一性定理。

This thesis is divided into six parts. The first chapter is preface, the current status of research in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations is reported; the second chapter is "regularization methods for numerical differentiation and their applications ", in this chapter we investigate many regularization methods from a viewpoint of regularization theory and algorithm, some applications in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations are given; the third chapter is "spectral regularization methods". Based on Fourier analysis, within the framework of regularization theory, we apply the spectral methods to some ill-posed problems. Many numerical experiments are done in order to show the validity of the methods; the fourth chapter is devoted to wavelet dual least squares method and a revised wavelet method; in the fifth chapter,we combine finite difference method with method of lines and apply it to the backward heat conduction problem in time; in the sixth chapter "identification problems for unknown source ", the essence and the degree of two problems related to source identification are pointed out, at the same time, some numerical methods are reported.

本文分为六个部分，第一章前言简要分析了国内外抛物型偏微分方程反问题的研究现状；第二章数值微分的正则化及其应用从正则化理论和算法的角度出发，考察了许多正则化方法，还给出了数值微分在抛物型偏微分方程反问题的一些应用；第三章谱正则化方法是在Fourier分析的基础上，在一般正则化理论的框架下，给出了这种方法在各种不适定问题中的应用，数值实验表明谱方法是有效的；第四章研究了小波对偶最小二乘方法和改进的小波方法；第五章主要研究了有限差分方法结合线方法在时间反向热传导问题中的应用；第六章是未知源识别问题，主要指出了两类未知源问题的不适定程度和不适定本质，同时报告了一些数值方法。

In studing methods,partial func-tional differential equations sum up the theories and methods of ordinary differentialequations,partial differential equations,the semigroup theory and the fixed-pointtheory in functional analysis and the basic concepts,theories and methods suit-able for the partial differential equations with delay are formed.

偏泛函微分方程在研究方法上综合了常微分方程的理论方法和泛函分析中算子半群、不动点理论以及偏微分方程的理论方法，并形成了以时滞为基本特征的泛函微分方程的基本概念、理论和方法。

Then, one class of second-order semilinear differential systems with two parameters is considered.

第五章，用锥上的Deimling不动点定理分别讨论了依赖于参数的一阶中立型泛函微分方程和一阶中立型泛函微分系统，导出了一阶中立型泛函微分方程以及一阶中立型泛函微分系统存在两个正周期解，存在一个正周期解以及不存在正周期解的充分条件。

Neutral differential equations with variable sign coefficients are separated into neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients by transformation. According to the characteristic of these equations, a real number set with supremum is constructed, and sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions to neutral equations with variable sign coefficients are obtained.

通过变换将具有变号系数的中立型微分方程分解为具有正负系数的中立型微分方程；分析具有正负系数中立型微分方程的特征，构造存在上确界的实数集；并对中立型微分方程的解作细致分析，得到了具有变号系数中立型微分方程所有解振动的充分条件。

Neutral differential equations with variable sign coefficients are separatedinto neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients bytransformation.According to the characteristic of these equations,a real number setwith supremum is constructed,and sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutionsto neutral equations with variable sign coefficients are obtained.

通过变换将具有变号系数的中立型微分方程分解为具有正负系数的中立型微分方程；分析具有正负系数中立型微分方程的特征，构造存在上确界的实数集；并对中立型微分方程的解作细致分析，得到了具有变号系数中立型微分方程所有解振动的充分条件。

Thischapter proposes three concepts,i.e.,kernelled quasidifferential,star-kerneland star-differential,and establishes their operational properties.A sufficiencytheorem and a sufficiency and necessity theorem for a quasi-kernel being a ker-nelled quasidifferential are proven.Both the existence of star-kernel for a qua-sidifferentiable function and the existence of star-differential for a directionallydifferentiable function are established.The relationships between sub-and su-per derivatives and Penot differentials are discussed as well.

这一章我们引入了三个概念，即核拟微分，星核与星微分并建立了它们的运算性质；证明了拟核为核拟微分的一个充分条件定理及一个充分与必要条件定理；建立了拟可微函数星核的存在性及方向可微函数星微分的存在性并讨论了Penot微分与上、下导数的关系。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。