上市

Chapter 4 turns to description and evaluation of disclosure violations by domestic listed company. Through statistical analysis in behavior under present framework of institution, it is easy to understand that current institution is of low efficiency and can not bond the listed company forcefully, and the tendency of breach of provisions is evident in information disclosure.

第四章是现状分析部分，转入对我国上市公司信息披露违规的描述与评价，通过对作为制度执行者和主要破坏者的上市公司在现行制度框架下的行为表现进行统计分析可以推论现行的制度效率不足以对上市公司构成强有力的约束，公司在信息披露过程中违规的倾向明显。

ACCOUNTS RECEIVALBE and INVOICE WRITING: Up to 10,000 customers - Allows over 30,000 transactions per month - Up to 5000 Sales Codes - Two Auto Bill amounts - Each customer can be set for one of five tax rates, or as tax exempt - Reports include: Customer Listing, Statements, Invoices, Accounts Receivable Ledger, Sales Tax Summary, Charges and Payments Listing, Customer Activity, Sales Summary, and Delinquent Customer Listing - Saves up to 99 months of data - Can post the charges and payments to Medlin General Ledger.

receivalbe帐目和发票写作：高达10000客户-让超过3 。0万，每月的交易-高达50 00销售守则-两个自动条例草案的数额-每个客户可以设定为1 5税率，或作为税豁免-报告包括：顾客上市，报表，发票，应收账款总账，销售税，总之，收费和付款上市，客户活动，销售的概要，以及拖欠客户上市-节省多达99个月的数据-可以张贴收费和付款medlin总分类帐。

This paper studied the earnings managements of the listed companies by dividing the accrual into above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals. And for above-the-line accruals and below-the-line accruals of 2002, I divided above-the-line-accruals into working capital accruals and nonworking capital accruals. Then I used modified Jones model by adding industry variables to study the new characteristics of earnings management in 2002. This paper provides evidence that the listed companies still used below-the-line accruals as the main earnings management instrument. On the other hand the listed companies also used working capital accruals as one of their earnings management instruments. On the basis of the studies above, I build two proxies of the earnings management.

本文首先通过对2002年上市公司盈余管理的分项实证研究来观察各种制度实施后上市公司利用线下项目进行盈余管理是否得到了一定的遏制，实证过程中采用修正的横截面JONES模型加入行业变量并经过适当变形对上市公司年报线上项目和线下项目，并进一步将线上项目分解出营运资金相关项目和非相关项目两项进行盈余管理的实证研究，发现企业对线下项目的操纵仍然在企业盈余管理中占据主要地位，但从某种程度上看，线下利润的操纵得到了一定的抑制，另外企业对营运资金应计项目的盈余管理也是显著的。

But, because of various reasons, some irregularity exposed by our listed company, have injured the our country stock market and the sound development of the listed companies, and also made large investors suffer great losses that shouldnt have and undertake the otiose risks, but this phenomenon turns to be worse in the last few years, which is reflected on profits manipulate in the listed company.

但是，由于种种原因，我国上市公司信息披露中还存在不少不规范的现象，损害了我国证券市场和上市公司的健康发展，也使广大投资者蒙受了许多不应有的损失和承担不必要的风险，而这1现象在近几年来日趋严重，这主要表现在上市公司进行利润操纵上。

With the sample of the newest financial data of the company issued by the ST in 2006-2007, and the sample of the normal company at the same time, the study takes example for the financial data released by the listed companies and selects the ROE（Rate of Return on Common Stockholders'Equity ）, the sales net profit rate and the current ratio of three financial targets, which are discriminated and analysed with univariate method.

摘 要：本文以我国上市公司为研究对象，通过对上市公司财务危机的定义、财务危机与企业失败的关系、以及财务危机预警的研究，以2006-2007年上市公司最新一次被ST发布的财务数据为估计样本，以同期的正常公司为配对样本，选取净资产收益率、销售净利率和流动比率三个财务指标，运用单变量方法进行判别分析。

Dispatch of new wall bulletin those who recombine a plan appear on the market the company should refer business of relevant staff of list of inside information insider and company to appear on the market of company negotiable securities check a report oneself, recombine information business to appear on the market with preventing relevant personnel to use company negotiable securities.

新快报讯有重组计划的上市公司要提交内幕信息知情人名单及公司相关人员买卖上市公司证券的自查报告，以防止相关人员利用重组信息买卖上市公司证券。

Thus, we should establish a credit risk revealment system with the base of information revealment, also securities issue system with the core of credit rating. Based on the Regulation on Credits Management, we should remedy the law related to credit system, complete the property right system of listed companies and juridical person management structure, complete securities issue and auditing system, establish a dynamic information revealment system, reinforce supervision of listed companies, establish and complete investors protection system, construct operation criterion of credit system and culture of trust with the core of credit rating in securities market.

鉴此，应该建立以信息披露为基础的资信评估信用风险揭示机制、构建以资信评估为核心的证券品种发行制度，在出台《征信管理条例》的基础上，修改与信用制度相关的法律，完善上市公司的产权制度、法人治理结构，完善证券发行、上市审核制度，建立动态的信息披露制度，加强对上市公司的监管，建立和完善投资者保护制度，建立以资信评估为核心的证券市场信用制度和诚信文化的执业标准。

Shenzhen municipal government and hand in a collective protocol greatly one does poineering work board appear on the market of the company await choose roll, there is more than 20 equipment to pick a company about on list, and these companies became popular commodities at a draught, a hunderd schools is achieved on cast for these " can appear on the market very quickly " company bright contend for dark seize, roughhouse, they a good deal of capital, home of whole even body is cast be in those looking that can be in necessarily to do poineering work board the company that appear on the market.

2000年，深圳市政府和深交所共同拟定了一份创业板上市公司的候选名单，名单上大约有20余家备选公司，而这些公司一下子成为了抢手货，上百家创投为这些"很快就能上市"的公司明争暗夺，大打出手，它们把大笔资金，甚至全部身家投在那些看上去必然会在创业板上市的公司。

Then, through building the model of the scatteration of the gathered underwrite risk and portfolio risk, the function of scattering risk of going on the market is further expoun.

本文围绕着这两大风险从我国保险公司的现状和承保风险集聚的理论方面分析保险公司上市的必要性和可能性，然后，通过建立承保集聚风险分散和组合投资风险分散的模型，进一步从理论上阐明上市分散风险的功能，最终得出上市是发展我国保险事业的有效途径的结论。

Around the two major risks, the necessities and possibilities are analyzed that insurance companies go on the market from the aspects of the present conditions of Chinese insurance companies and the theory on the gathered underwrite risk. Then, through building the model of the scatteration of the gathered underwrite risk and portfolio risk, the function of scattering risk of going on the market is further expoun...

本文围绕着这两大风险从我国保险公司的现状和承保风险集聚的理论方面分析保险公司上市的必要性和可能性，然后，通过建立承保集聚风险分散和组合投资风险分散的模型，进一步从理论上阐明上市分散风险的功能，最终得出上市是发展我国保险事业的有效途径的结论。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。