上层社会

It is argued that the Western medicine first impacted Chinese understanding and feeling of their body which are closely linked with their special arrangement and understanding, and then it destroyed the definition of ethics in a traditional Chinese society of acquaintance and brought about a so-called relationship of "clientage" which finally changed China's social structure, whenever it was systematized, cooperating with many other modern institutions.

力求避免仅仅从上层或下层的单一取向观察中国近代变化所带来的局限性。本文认为，西医的进入首先影响到了中国人对身体的认知和感受，这种感受又与中国人对空间安排的认知密不可分，西医的进入破坏了传统中国的熟人社会对人伦关系的界定，而带入了一种称之为"委托制"的关系，这种关系一旦制度化，就与许多现代体制的运作相配合，最终改变了中国的社会结构。

It disproof that the main function of marriage is the social confirmity but not prepotency.

它只是存在于上层贵族内部的特殊婚姻个案而已，并非当时社会所普遍认可的婚姻习俗，在当时的社会伦理规范中也不为时人所认可。

The research of social ethos transition in the late Ming Dynasty is concern with the general valuation of the history of Ming Dynasty.

由于对晚明世风变迁的研究涉及到对明代社会发展程度的总体评价问题，在观察时需要有宽阔的视角，既要注意下层民众，也要注意具有广泛示范性和影响力的社会上层。

The handicraftsman employed by the local authority produced according to the will of the local authorities and they had no freedom of production.

因此，战国时期传统的家族形态已经不复存在，无论是社会上层、中层，还是社会下层的家族形态，基本上奠定了中国几千年来家族形态的基础。

The proletariat, the lowest stratum of our present society, cannot stir, cannot raiseitself up, without the whole superincumbent strata of official society being sprung into the air.

无产阶级，现今社会的最下层，如果不炸毁官方社会的整个上层，就不能激起自己，提高自己。

The proletariat, the lowest stratum of our present society, cannot stir, cannot raise itself up, without the whole superincumbent strata of official society being sprung into the air.

无产阶级，现今社会的最下层，如果不炸毁构成官方社会的整个上层，就不能抬起头来，挺起胸来。

Upper class of Chinese people residing in foreign concessions and lower class living on the edge of city,there form a mode of social space as center-edge in treaty port city.

华人上层聚居租界和社会下层的边缘化，形成了中心-边缘型通商口岸城市社会空间的一种模式。

I must admit that I agree with him thoroughly in his estimate of the superior ability of the whole of the votes to pass upon political and social issues in free and unhampered elections, as against the exclusive ability of a smaller group of individuals at the top of the social structure.

我必须承认在这个问题上我完全的同意他的观点：在决策政治，社会重大问题的过程中，全民的自由，无障碍的选举将是选票活动的最重要的能力，而不是只在社会上层少数几个人所做出的决策。

Culture"," culturology" and "the cultural system", are the basic categories in his culturological system. Based on them, there are the definition, category, nature and characteristics of "culture"; the object, mission, the research mode, and the development course of" culturology"; ten "basic types", three "the upper level types", the structure, and the mentality of "the cultural system"; the twin categories of "culture" and "society","culture" and "nature","culture" and "civilization","culturology" and" sociology"," the cultural system" and" natural system"," the cultural system" and" social system, etc.

以它们为中心，涉及到基本内容有：&文化&的定义、分类、性质与特征；文化学的对象、任务、研究模式、发展阶段；&文化体系&的十种&基本类型&、三种&上层类型&、结构与心态；以及成对的范畴&文化&与&社会&、&文化&与&自然&、&文化&与&文明&，&文化学&与&社会学&，&文化体系&与&自然体系&、&文化体系&与&社会体系&，等等。

The concrete deviation performed in following aspects: the select of interviewee was in favor of the upper class and mid-upper class in the top five classes in the social hierarchy, it also favored the professional and technical social stratum in the ten social stratums.

具体偏向表现为：选择的访谈对象在五大社会等级中偏重于社会上层和中上层，在十大社会阶层中偏重于专业技术人员阶层。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。