上导数

After acquiring the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and its first order derivative spectrum distributions of Avermectin B1 by using UV-2401 PC spectrophotometer and spectrum-measuring system,we found that coordinates of the peak A252.2 and the valley A256.8 are not disturbed by the different forms of preparations.

用UV-2401 PC紫外分光光度计及光谱工作站，以1 nm狭缝宽度，2 nm Δλ间隔，在190～400 nm波长范围内快速扫描采集阿维菌素B1紫外吸收光谱，拟合一阶导数光谱发现峰顶A252.2，和峰谷A256.8在波长坐标上的位置不受不同制剂干扰。

Based on the current development of VED in structural control and its fractional derivative model, the finite element formula of VED is erected by using three different assumptions of the shear strain.

针对粘弹性材料的分数导数模型，采用不同的剪应变的假设，推导了粘弹性阻尼器的有限元计算公式，通过粘弹性阻尼器在一单自由度系统的控制上的应用，确定了其计算模型。

The weather and climate comply with the fluid dynamical equation and appear stochastic. In order to explore the relationship between weather and climate, the fractional derivative and integration are introduced. Physically, the stochastic degrees of weather and climate are different.

天气和气候虽然遵从流体力学规律，但是却显示出随机性，研究天气和气候之间的关系必须引入分数阶的导数和积分，从物理上讲不外乎说明天气和气候的随机程度是不相同的。

Integral of one variable functions, improper integral and its convergence properties.

本课程的主要内容包括：1 各种极限运算，其中包括数列极限、函数极限以及上、下极限；2 一元函数的微分学，包括微分和导数的运算法则、微分中值定理及其应用等；3 一元函数的积分和广义积分及其收敛性；4 级数及其收敛性，包括数值级数的收敛性和函数项级数的各种运算和性质；5 多元函数的微分学及其应用，其中很多方面与一元函数的微分学近似，需要注意它们之间的区别；6 多元函数的积分学，包括多重积分的性质与计算，多重积分的的应用等；7 曲线、曲面积分及其应用；8 含参变量积分的计算与性质；9 Fourier 级数及其应用，等等。

Theorem of mean significance: The application derivative research function's nature wants directly or indirectly with the aid of Yu Zhongzhi,Specially Lagrange theorem of mean,Here is mainly from the equality proof, the inequality proof, existence asks some limits, the determination equation root and so on five aspects to carry on the discussion,so, The theorem of mean is transforms as the function in the sector research important tool, Must bring to the enough attention in the middle of ours study and the teaching.

中值定理意义：应用导数研究函数的性质都要直接或间接地借助于中值，特别是拉格朗日中值定理，这里主要是从等式的证明、不等式的证明、求一些极限、判定方程根的存在性等五个方面来进行讨论，因此，中值定理是转化为函数在区间上的研究的重要工具。在我们的学习与教学当中要引起足够的注意。

A left null factor of derivative matrix is introduced, and the sliding surface and the control's parameterization can be obtained by sloving strict LMI.

引入导数矩阵的左零因子，使得滑模曲面及控制器参数的求解可经过求解严格线性矩阵不等式获得，在一定程度上简化了LMI方法在奇异系统变结构控制器设计计算中的计算复杂性。

Chapter 3 is devoted to equistability and equiboundedness of matrix differential equations by making use of the symbol property of the matrix Liapunov function and its Dini derivate on specific set.

第三章研究了矩阵微分方程的渐近行为，给出了直接运用矩阵Liapunov函数在某特定集合上的符号与其广义Dini导数符号的性质研究矩阵微分方程的稳定性和有界性。

Considering the vehicular SG cruise integrating model under braking condition influenced by some factors of nonlinearity, time-delay and the disturbance, a new nonlinear SMITH predictor is designed to compensate the time delays of control variable in advance. Furthermore, with the resort of pure delay operator, extension of the Lie derivative and the Lie bracket, some issues of SISO nonlinear system with time delays in state variable are resolved, which cover the input-output linearization, invertability of coordinate transformation and the disturbance decoupling problem.the staged transformation and design technique, the vehicle deceleration tracking control and the SG cruise disturbance decoupling control under braking condition are carried out effectively using proposed control method.

在建立制动工况下车辆走-停巡航系统集成模型基础上，针对其非线性、时滞特性以及目标车减速度干扰的影响，提出一种改进的非线性SMITH预估补偿方法，以消除控制变量时滞，并结合时滞算子、扩展李导数和扩展李括号方法，研究并解决了SISO状态变量时滞非线性系统的输入输出线性化、坐标变换的可逆性以及输出干扰解耦问题，实现了SISO时滞非线性系统的综合控制。

The linear extrapolation technique was the most practical and suitable method because of its relative high correlation with a wide range of chlorophyll content, relative simple algorithm, relative high sensitivity to chlorophyll at high or low content and application to more wider bandwidth spectra.

四点线性内插法计算的红边位置往往偏大，最大一阶导数法与叶绿素含量的关系存在着明显的不连续性，拉格朗日内插法、倒高斯模型法在一定程度上存在着对高叶绿素含量的饱和现象，多项式拟合法对拟合波段区间、最高项次及光谱分辨率等比较灵敏而导致结果不够稳定，而线性外推法计算出的红边位置对叶绿素含量最为敏感，预测的准确度最高，且计算相对比较简单，并能适用于较宽波段的遥感数据。

In order to find a powerful assistant computation tool for further analysis and design of multilayer optical coatings,an analytical model is mathematically established for accurate calculation of the first and second derivatives of the spectral coefficients of multilayer optical coatings with respect to layer parameters like thickness,real refractive index and extinction coefficient. It is based on the matrix theory of calculating the spectral coefficients of multilayer optical coatings and is achieved by perfectly using the trace operation of matrix.

为了寻找一种膜系深入分析与设计的有力辅助计算工具，从光学薄膜光谱系数的矩阵计算理论出发，基于对矩阵求迹运算的巧妙运用，从数学上建立了准确计算膜系光谱系数关于膜层几何厚度、实际折射率和消光系数等膜层参数的一阶和二阶偏导数的解析模型。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。