上壳

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

It was also indicated by the temperature calculation that the lithspheric mantle is stratigraphically layered with the lower part composed by fertile lherzolite and the upper part by refractory harzburgite and clinopyroxene-poor lherzolite.

Sr-Nd-Hf同位素资料反映这些地幔包体均表现为亏损性质，而Re-Os同位素资料确定上述岩石圈地幔形成于中元古代，明显老于上覆地壳的新元古宙时代，反映壳幔年龄上的解耦。

Relationship between DNA content and evolutionary degree DNA contents of bivalves were analyzed statistically with SPSS software at subclass, order, family and species grade respectively. Significant difference was detected between mean values of two subclasses according to the result of T-test. The DNA content of Heterodonta (3.77pg) was distinctly larger than that of Pteriomorphia (3.14pg). It was concluded based on ANOVA that the general trend of DNA content was to change from lower to higher values associated with evolution at higher taxonomical classification, i.e.

核DNA含量与进化地位的关系运用SPSS统计软件，在亚纲、目、科以及种4个分类等级上对双壳贝类的核DNA含量进行了统计分析。T检验结果显示，两亚纲核DNA含量的平均值有明显差异，异齿亚纲的核DNA含量平均值(3.77pg)显著大于翼形亚纲(3.14pg)，该结果表明，核DNA含量在较高的分类等级，即亚纲上表现出随着进化地位的升高显著增大的趋势。

Anamorphs are highly important in classifying and identifying nectria-like fungi. they belong to 11 form-genera of hyphomycetes, producing conidia phialidically.

赤壳菌类真菌的无性世代在分类及监定上相当重要，共分为11属，皆属於丝孢纲，产生分生孢子於瓶梗上。

Chitosan and its acetylated derivatives have been widely applied in the nerve, cartilage, bone tissue engineering.

观察兔角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞在膜上的生长情况，研究不同类型壳多糖膜与角膜细胞的生物相容性。

He kneads you until you are pliant; and then he assigns you to his sacred fire, that you may become sacred bread for God's sacred feast.

他筛分你，使你脱壳；他碾磨你，是你色泽洁白；他揉搓你，直至你柔韧顺从；然后他将你送上他的圣火，使你成为上帝圣宴上的圣饼。

A closer inspection reveals that the label is lithographed on a heat shrinkable polymer or directly onto the exterior can wall rather than lithographed on a steel label.

最近的调查表明，印在热塑封套上或者直接印刷在外壳表面的标签要好过印在钢壳上。

A systematic study on S and/or Pb isotopic compositions of the copper-bearing porphyries, ore minerals and andesite of the deposit shows that S isotopic compositions of ore minerals are similar to those of porphyries.

矿石矿物（208Pb/204Pb=37.917~38.230，平均值38.075；207Pb/204Pb=15.528~15.614，平均值15.571；206Pb/204Pb=17.929~18.082，平均值17.981）与矿化斑岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.832、37.883，207Pb/204Pb=15.529、15.538，206Pb/204Pb=17.906、17.910)以及安山岩(208Pb/204Pb=37.816~37.884，207Pb/204Pb=15.549~15.562，206Pb/204Pb=17.845~17.919)的初始铅组成基本一致，变化范围较小，表明三者具有相同的来源；在铅构造模式图上，所有样品铅同位素均位于造山带演化线上或附近，在铅同位素源区判别图中，均落入造山带和下地壳区域，这表明Pb主要来源于壳幔混合。

The shell of a snail is carried on its back, and its eyes are on long stems.

蜗牛的壳是背在背上的，它的眼睛长在长触须上。

The author made induction and arrangement and offer to the two sides of the Taiwan Straits civil engineering scientific and technical workers, in order to obtain "break the ice","adopt sb.'s strong points while overcoming one's weak points", prosperous both banks economic development, promote the common progress of science and technology from the "open-web truss structure" at the 80 middle decade last century, and "open-web sandwich plate structure" at the 90 middle decade last century, and "cast-in-place concrete hollow plate structures" at the beginning of the century, to "the reinforced concrete open-web sandwich reticulated barrel arch structures" recently.

从上世纪80年代中期开发的&空腹网架结构&、上世纪90年代中期的&空腹夹层板结构&到本世纪初期的&现浇混凝土圆孔空心楼盖结构&和近期（2006年）开发应用的&钢筋混凝土空腹夹层曲面网壳与筒拱结构&，进行归纳整理，奉献给海峡两岸土木工程科技工作者，以求&抛砖引玉&、&取长补短&，繁荣两岸经济建设，促进两岸科学技术共同进步。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。