上升曲线

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

For example, the surface density is a decreasing function of radius because of it and there is a strange increasing part in the distribution of the density if it is ignored.

比如说，考虑了反常黏滞，面密度就是半径的递减函数；否则，面密度的分布中会有一段奇怪的上升曲线。

A data acquisition and data analysis software for the fast fluorscence kinetics fluorometer of our laboratory is redesigned and recompiled using assembly and BASIC language. The data acquisition rate in the fast rising part of the fluorescence kinetics curves is one order faster (100μs/point) than the old one. It can measure fluorescence parameters, such as Fo and Fi more accurately for calculation of the relative content of inactive PSⅡ, etc.

用N80-BASIC语言结合汇编语言重新编写了本室快速叶绿素动力学荧光计的测控程序，使快速荧光上升曲线的采样速度提高了一个数量级（达到100μs／点），可对Fo、Fi等关键荧光参数进行精确测定，为无活性PS Ⅱ中心相对含量的准确测定奠定了基础。

As temperature rose,turbidity of protein solution increased by s-shape curve and climbed quickly at 48 ℃; Viscosity decreased by inverse s-shape curve and greatly declined at 46 ℃; Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased gradually with a slight increase from 36 to 42 ℃ and reduced to blank at 46 ℃; Total sulfhydryl group...

结果表明：随着温度的上升，浊度呈S型曲线增加，48℃时上升迅速；黏度呈反S型曲线下降，46℃时下降剧烈；Ca2+-ATPase活性下降，在36～42℃略有上升，46℃时完全失活；总巯基含量从40℃开始显著下降，60～70℃时下降显著。

The effects of different plant densities on flag leaves chlorophyll content,SOD activity and MDA content after anthesis in stronggluten wheat interplanted in paddyfield were studied.

本试验在江苏淮北地区设计不同密度试验，研究其对稻田套播强筋小麦花后剑叶叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性和MDA含量的影响，结果表明：随花后生育进程推移，叶绿素含量呈下降趋势，且随密度增加，下降幅度增大；花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量亦随密度增加而下降，二者呈极显著负相关；随花后生育进程推移，剑叶SOD酶活性呈单峰曲线变化，可用二次曲线方程模拟，在花后1416 d达峰值，且随密度增加峰值出现时间提前，峰值数值呈先上升再下降的变化特征；随花后生育进程推移，剑叶MDA含量呈上升的变化特征，且随密度增大，数值变大；花后35 d剑叶SOD酶活性与花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量呈极显著正相关，而MDA含量与花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量则呈显著或极显著负相关。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

As the monetary awards gradually increased, the number of honest children was observed to increase curvedly and continuously, This phenomenon described as "a tendency of non-uniform curvedly increasing" manifested itself as follows: when the awards for successfully guessing were increased from no award to 1RMB, and then to 2 RMB(awards for honesty equaled that for successfully guessing), the number of honest children gradually increased. However, even when the two awards were equal, only 33.3 percent were being honest. From the condition of 2 RMB awards to 3 RMB awards for honesty (awards for honesty were higher than that for successfully guessing), the proportion of honest children increased the fastest. After that, the tendency slowed down but never stopped, as the amount of awards for honesty continued to increase.

儿童诚实人数呈曲线式上升，这种&曲线式的不均速上升趋势&具体表现为：在猜对奖励2元固定不变的前提下，从诚实无奖励到诚实奖励1元再到2元(即猜对奖励和诚实奖励等值)这一过程中，儿童诚实人数缓慢上升，但在等值条件下也只有33.3%的儿童发生诚实行为；从等值到诚实奖励3元(即诚实奖励币值大于猜对奖励时)，诚实人数的比率上升幅度最大；之后，随着诚实奖励币值的继续增大，上升幅度逐渐减弱，但是儿童的诚实人数一直保持上升趋势。

Results: The renal perfusion was increased in diabetes group after the injection of alloxan. The PSI, AUC and ascending slope rate of the curve of the time-intensity curve were increased in 1w and 2w with decreased of HPT; the pathological examination exhibited glomeruli hypertrophy and no thickening of basal lamina. The PSI and AUC in 4w and 6w were more than that of control group; the PIT and ascending slope rate of the curve got closed to normal in 4w and 6w; the intercapillary cells increased. The speed of ascending slope rate of the curve in 8w, 10w and 12w was slower, shown as PIT and HPT delayed; the pathological examination showned increasing of mesangial cell, hyperplasia of mesangial matrix and thickening of basal lamina, followed with obliteration of partial micrangium, glomerular sclerosis and reduce of PSI in 12w.

结果：糖尿病组兔注射四氧嘧啶后肾皮质血流灌注增大，1周、2周表现为时间-强度曲线参数中峰值强度升高、曲线下面积增大、达峰时间缩短、曲线上升斜率升高，此时病理可见肾小球肥大，系膜基质正常，基底膜无增厚；4周、6周，峰值强度、曲线下面积高于对照组，达峰时间、曲线上升斜率接近正常，系膜细胞增多。8周、10周、12周，达峰时间延长、曲线上升斜率减慢、峰值强度减半时间延长，病理出现肾小球系膜细胞明显增多，系膜基质增生，基底膜增厚，至12周病理出现部分毛细血管管腔闭塞，肾小球节段性硬化，峰值强度测值减低。

The P-C-T curves for Ti_(0.17)Zr_(0.08)V_(0.35)- Cr_(0.1)Ni_(0.3) and Ti_(0.17)Zr_(0.08)V_(0.35)Cr_(0.1)Ni_(0.3)Mm_(0.01) alloys have been depicted by electrochemical methods. It is shown that as temperature rises, the hydrogen equilibrium pressure of the alloys goes up, but the hydrogen desorbing performance deteriorates. After addition of Mm, the hydrogen equilibrium pressure of the alloy comes down, and the hydrogen desorbing performance meliorates.

同时本文还通过电化学方法绘制了Ti_(0.17)Zr_(0.08)V_(0.35)Cr_(0.1)Ni_(0.3)和Ti_(0.17)Zr_(0.08)V_(0.35)Cr_(0.1)Ni_(0.3)Mm_(0.01)合金的P-C-T曲线，发现，温度上升时，Ti_(0.17)Zr_(0.08)V_(0.35)Cr_(0.1)Ni_(0.3)合金的平衡氢压上升，随温度上升，合金的放氢特性变差；添加Mm后，合金的平衡氢压降低，曲线的整体斜率变小，放氢平台宽度增大，说明合金的放氢特性得到改善。

Climatologists speak, and speak urgently, of the need to flatten the curve of rising emissions – starting now.

气象学家呼吁，气象学家紧急呼吁，要把排放的上升曲线压平，就从现在开始。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。