上位的

Macroscopically, each facet joint is composed of a posteromedially facing concave superior articularprocess from the inferior vertebral body, and as maller anterolaterally facing inferior articular processfrom the superior spinal level.

大体观，每个小关节由下位椎体朝向后内侧凹陷的上关节突以及上位椎体朝向前外侧的的下关节突组成。

In this paper,Triple Test Cross Design was used in studing the resistance of soybean to 10 physiological race of Cercospora Sojina Haraby inoculation.

摘要本实验利用三点测交分析的方法，对3个组合在人工接种大豆灰斑病菌的条件下的抗性表现进行基因效应分析，各组合均存在加性，组合1存在显性，组合2、3存在上位性。

Seven main effect QTLs and 7 digenic interactions controlling heat tolerance during flowering time were detected in two-year experiments.

利用181个在亲本间具有多态性的SSR标记，构建了覆盖水稻全基因组1559.6cM、标记间平均距离为8.3cM的遗传连锁图谱。2年共检测到7个抽穗开花期耐热性主效应QTL以及7对上位性QTL.2004和2005年分别检测到3个和4个QTL，共解释29%和37.3%的表型变异。

Additive effects were predominant, totally explained 75% of the phenotypic variation and often combined with digenic epistasis. Of 12 main QTLs,9 showed Gaoyou alleles decreasing plant height. Most QTLs with QE effects showed ecologically favourable alleles in diverse regions.

株高受多个QTL影响（12个位点具有加性或兼有环境互作效应，5个位点具有互作效应），以加性效应为主，加性效应总和可解释定位群体表型变异的75%左右，并多兼有上位性效应。12个主效QTL中，9个是&高油&等位基因相对&Sollux&有降低株高的作用，大多数加性×环境互作QTL的有效等位基因具有环境选择特异性。

This monitoring system consists of industrial control upper-computer having the friendly human and man interface, advanced reliable PLC lower-processor, 14 converters as the driving unit, we distinguishingly choose SIEMENS industrial computer, SIEMENS S7-300 series PLC and SIEMENS 6SE70 series converter.

该监控系统包括人机界面友好的工控上位机、先进可靠的PLC下位机和作为传动控制装置的14台变频器等部分。

Based on the past technology, the exchange method between ERP system and IWMS system is improved, the communicating method between base hardware and IWMS is also improved. As a result, they bring more convenience in the exchange of data between IWMS and epigenous computer or hypogynous computer.

在以前技术基础上，改进了ERP系统与IWMS的数据交换方式；改进了IWMS与低层硬件的数据通信方式，使IWMS与上位机和下位机的数据交换更加方便。

The problems they should solve are about:the existence of basic persuasions,support for epigynous conceptions,self-corroboration,and independence from all other persuasions.

他们需要解决的，包括基础信念的存在、能够对上位概念提供支持，以及它们本身必须是自我确证的、独立于其他信念等问题。

The result showed that major gene resistance was predominant in hybrid rice,but resistance of hybrid rice was modified by other genes with additive,dominant and epistatic effect.

结果表明，杂交稻的抗性以主基因抗性为主，但同时也受双亲中与抗性有关的其他加性、显性及上位性基因效应的影响。

Among them, 1 QTL showing main effect only and 7 QTL showing epistatic effect only, they could explain 5.0% and 34.8% of total phenotypic variation respectively.

在仅表现上位性效应QTL所处的区间中，有3个区间也与前人所报道的抗稻瘟病主基因或QTL 具有相似的染色体位置。

The methods proposed by Wang et al (1999) could analyze additive effects, additive by additive epistatic effects and their interaction with environments, but could not estimate dominance effects and epistatic effects related to dominance.

Wang等(1999)的方法能够分析加性效应、加加上位性效应及其与环境的互作效应，但无法估计显性以及与显性有关的上位性效应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。