上位

In this paper, summary to the current problems and design requirements of existing power telemechanics channel detecting and switching software, we realize visual management by developing such a powerful, effective software with object oriented development and database.

针对电力部门远动信道监测及故障倒换系统上位机监测软件的设计要求和现有系统所存在的问题，本文利用面向对象开发理论和数据库技术实现了对远动信道监测的可视化管理，开发一种强大、高效的电力远动信道监测及故障倒换系统上位机软件。

The electronic con troller, with 80196KC as its CPU, either can acquire data and control the loadin g system by itself or can be supervised by a PC, which is also called the superv ising PC.

加载系统的控制器以16位80196KC单片机为核心，该控制器可对系统进行数据采集和加载力控制，也可通过串行口接受上位机的命令，并将试验数据传送给上位机保存。

In the article, it briefly analyzes the necessity of monitoring the hydric parameters and the development status of monitoring system about the electronic power, then a real-time monitoring system for generator hydric parameters is presented, which applies the configuration software MCGS, radio-communication SMS, Modbus protocol and RS-485 bus .in the design of the system, MCGS is used to configurate the interface of superordinate computer and the device component of the wireless communication is authorized by Visual Basic; the transmitting and receiving flow through GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)in the way of SMS. The design of the smart communication module, which based on the RS-485 bus and Modbus protocol and the wireless communication interface module, which is connected with the wireless terminal based on Siemens TC35, are also expounded.

该方案利用MCGS组态软件进行上位机监控界面的组态；利用Visual Basic语言进行上位机无线通信设备构件的编制；并利用SMS通过全球移动通信系统GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication)网络实现报警等数据的无线传输；以Flash型超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149作为通用通信模块控制器核心，开发出了基于RS-485总线模式和Modbus通信协议的远程数据采集模块，以及基于Siemens TC35的无线终端相连的无线通信接口模块。

First, a 10-parents diallel crossing design was performed to analysis the genetic effects of ethanol tolerance in yeast.

首先，我们通过构建10×10的双列杂交阵列，运用双列杂交方法初步分析酵母乙醇耐受性的各种基因效应，发现该性状具有上位效应，符合加性——显性——上位性模型。

The epistatic interaction was analysised in entire genome and a total of 39 digenetic interaction marker pairs were found which contributed 6. 41%-25. 65% variance to genetic variation. It suggested that epistasis between non-QTL and non-QTL was the primary interaction form in the resistance response.

在全基因组对所有抗性性状进行了上位性分析，一共检测到39个两位点互作标记对，结果表明两位点间的互作主要以非QTL与非QTL互作形式存在，针对不同的性状，上位性作用能够解释6.41％-25.65％的遗传变异。

A mixed linear model approach and its software were used to detect QTLs with main effect, QTLs involved in digenic interactions and Q×E interactions.

采用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图法和相应的作图软件QTLmapper/V2.0，分别定位了7个株高和6个穗位高QTL；检测到18对控制株高和13对控制穗位高的上位性效应位点；同时发现了与环境存在显著互作的6个株高和8个穗位高单位点标记区域以及4对株高和4对穗位高上位性效应区域。

Because of the great differences in legal system of mainland China,Hongkong and Macao and the absence of harmonization mechanism between epigynous law and jurisdiction,lots of difficulties emerge during the Course of cooperation and construction of system,which needs renewal of notion and breakthrough from both theoretical and practical aspect.

因三地的法律制度差异较大，又缺乏上位法和上位司法权协调机制，在具体合作和制度建设中遇到不少难题，亟待更新观念，从理论与实务两个层面进行突破。

Based on the introduction of WinCC supervisory software, it introduces the design of epistatic supervisory software communication connection, data management and chart design.

第四章阐述了上位机软件的实现，详细地说明了上位机监控软件的通讯连接实现、数据管理和画面设计。

The paper describes the implementation method of the software and hardware in detail; explains the sulphuration technology in production of rubber and how to control sulphuration machine by PLC; discusses the principle, current situation and development trend of the DCS; recommends the serial communication in industrial and how to realize it in DELPHI; analyzes the communication protocols of series of LGs MASTER-K10 PLC and on the base of which, realized the communication between upper-computer and low computer; discusses the realization flows of control system on upper-computer in detail, the software and hardware of module every design; introduces the functions and realization of query software on client computer.

详细论述了控制系统硬件及软件的实现方法；阐述了橡胶生产中的硫化工艺以及如何用PLC对硫化机进行程序控制；讨论了集散控制系统的原理、研究现状及发展趋势；介绍了工业控制领域中的串行通信以及如何在DELPHI中实现串口通信；分析了LG公司MASTER-K10系列PLC的通信协议，并在此基础上实现了上位机与下位机的通信；详细讨论了上位机控制系统的实现流程、各模块的软硬件设计；详细介绍了客户端查询软件的功能及实现。

For example, male-male copulations in locusts can be costly for the mounted male, and this cost may in turn increase selection pressure for males' tendency to release a chemical called panacetylnitrile, which dissuades other males from mounting them, said Bailey.

贝利说：&举例来说，雄性蝉之间的交媾对上位的雄性蝉来说代价昂贵，会付出生命的代价，而这种代价可能反过来增加了选择压力，促使雄性蝉倾向于释放一种称为panacetylnitrile的化学物，这种化学物会阻止其他雄性蝉，避免他们上位交媾。&

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。