三轴的

Seven types of dimetric drawing and three types of trimetric drawing are introducedby the author with an aim to help hasten the shift of the principles derived from varioustypes of dimetric and trimetric projections from the theoretical approach to the field ofpractical use,and to alleviate the embarrassing situation that only the simple methodscan be resorted to in drawing the pictorial projections by isometric drawing and cabinetdrawing.

为了使各种形式的正二测和正三测从理论研究转向实际应用，克服长期来人们在绘制轴测图时，多数只能采用正等测和斜二测等单调情况，以及提高绘图速度，本文推荐采用七种正二测和三种正三测，并设计一套绘制这十种正轴测的专用工具--轴测多角比例尺。本文提出一套近似作这十种正轴测坐标面上椭圆的方法和数据，使其既简便又准确。

Yuan Zhesheng's fiction often recounts family and father-son stories. His most celebrated feature is his speculation on time. Imaginative games in enclosed space also turn up frequently in his writings. Therefore, a research framework consists of time, space and human world is a criterion that delineates a fictionist's image of mind in three-dimensions.

袁哲生写得最多的是家庭、父子小说，最为文坛知悉的是时间的思索，最常出现的场景是闭锁空间的游戏想像，因此时间、空间、人间三向轴的研究架构，是为立体化小说家创作心象所设的凖的。

Therefore it is necessary to research the mechanism of greensand used for high compacted molding methods thoroughly.This subject is one section of the National Natural Science Foundation subject ""Ivestigation on Predicting Method and Mechanism of Springback for High Compacted Sand Molds"", followed of the other completed one named ""Research on Microdeformation of Molding Sand"". A serious of experiments has been done on the reequipped three axial machine under certain technological conditions, and the mechanics, material science, rheologic science. It is systematically studied that the influences on the springback of sand mold were caused by the main influence factors: pressure, compacted rate and the content of soil. Through the analyzed experiments' data, the experienced stress-strain relationship concerning the main influence factors were obtained;under different technical parameter, the springback and spingback's potential energy are compared, the differences and indifferences between them are found out, and the springback's mechanism is discussed;according to the tests' data of YangGuoping coming from Tinghua University, experienced formula of molding sand's springback displacement is induced, the displacement and springback are compared, the margin of error's reasons are analyzed, and they are tested and verified mutually.

本课题为国家自然科学基金项目"高紧实度砂型预测方法及回弹机理的探讨"的一部分，是已结题的国家自然科学基金项目"铸造型砂微变形的研究"的后继，运用力学、材料学及流变学理论，利用改装的三轴仪，在一定的工艺条件下，作了大量系列实验，系统的研究了压实比压、紧实率和膨润土含量对砂型回弹的影响；对实验数据进行了分析和处理，得出了型砂关于压实比压、紧实率和膨润土含量的本构关系的经验公式；把各工艺参数下的型砂产生的回弹量与回弹势能进行比较，找出两者存在的异同点，并对回弹机理进行了探讨；通过清华大学杨国平的实验数据，推导出型砂回弹位移场的经验公式，并与实验测出的回弹量进行比较，分析误差造成的原因，并互相进行了验证。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

The distance between the reactive sensor node and the target node is estimated by using the value of RSSI, since the strength of radiation signal and the square of distance is inversely proportional. We proposed a method to derive the position of the target node based on the theory of radical center. With data from three reactive nodes, the position of target node can be analytically estimated.

我们以讯号强度指标来推估节点与被追踪物件的距离，并利用圆之根轴的几何特性，提出一个位置的估算方法，可以简单地利用三个感测节点所回传的资讯计算出被追踪物件的位置，所提出的方法即使在距离值有误差的情况下，依然能够估算出被追踪物件的唯一位置。

In order to overcome the defect of traditional methods and to find a new simply and effective time-domain method to eliminate the influence of boundary reflection. The main contents of studies and achievements are as follows: The liquefiable saturated sand dynamic character researches are conducted by means of the resonant column test and the dynamic tri-axial test; The undrain dynamic relationship between stress and strain, the damping ratio, saturated sand liquefaction mechanism, laboratory liquefaction standard, the effective factors of liquefaction are considered in laboratory. Liquefaction strength parameters used in element numerical simulation are obtained.

为克服传统方法存在的问题，寻求一种简单有效、能消除截断边界反射影响的时域有限元方法，本文主要开展了如下研究工作：对工程场地土体进行了标准贯入、静力触探、剪切波速等现场原位试验、室内动三轴试验以及共振柱试验，针对研究区域内可液化的饱和土进行了动力特性试验研究，分析了饱和土体的不排水动应力～应变关系和阻尼特性；对研究区域内的饱和砂土的液化机理，室内试验液化判别标准及影响饱和砂土液化的诸多因素进行了研究，得出了工程场地土体的抗液化强度指标等有限元模拟所需参数。

Inflorescence of paired racemes, or occasionally subdigitate, terminal and axillary, exserted or sometimes supported by a spatheole; racemes 1-sided, when paired often locked back to back and appearing as a single cylindrical raceme, spikelets of a pair similar or not; rachis internodes and pedicels stoutly linear to thickly clavate, U-shaped or triquetrous in cross section.

配对的总状花序，或偶有subdigitate，顶生和腋生的花序，有时被spatheole 支持的外露的或； 1边的总状花序，被配对背靠背锁住的通常并且出现不作为单个圆筒状总状花序，相似的对与否；节间的轴和对厚厚棍棒状，U形或者三棱的在横断面上略胖线的花梗。

The result notes that dynamic triaxial test preferably simulate the actual stress state of grading macadam, and Uzan model which considers the shear performance of material can better reflect stress states of grading macadam. Regression coefficients of the model obviously present nonlinear characteristic with moisture changed, and to further influence dynamic resilient module.More the module is larger, more diminishing rate of maximum tensile stress on pavement Bottom is smaller. To enhance draining function and strength, the gradation should been rigid controlled, and which the content of less than 0.075mm is controlled between 5～7％ and spring-back is controlled between200~300MPa are appropriate.

结果表明，动三轴试验较好地模拟了级配碎石层的实际受力状态；Uzan模型考虑了材料的剪切性能，更能反映了级配碎石在隧道路面中应力状态；随含水量的变化，Uzan模型中回归系数变化呈明显的非线性特征，进而显著影响级配碎石的动态回弹模量的变化；级配碎石模量越大，路面层底的最大拉应力减小率越小；为了兼顾到级配碎石层的排水渗透功能和强度，应严格控制级配，特别是0.075mm以下的含量宜控制在5％～7％，级配碎石的回弹模量宜控制在200～300MPa之间。

When the number of high accuracy guide stars identified is large, the QUEST algorithm has obvious superiority.According to night-sky observation, based on the guide star flag and the star- Identification information, the selection principle of attitude determination algorithm are given.

四姿态确定算法进行了改进的TRIAD算法和QUEST算法的探讨，这两种定姿算法各有千秋，在识别出的高精度导航星只有2颗的情况下，QUEST算法无法给出姿态，而改进的TRIAD算法可以进行三轴姿态的反演；但在识别出的高精度导航星多的条件下QUEST算法有明显的优势。

The predictions are performed on the test results obtained by the previous compression tests and published in the literature by Zhan and Ng (2006), which include the swelling tests under constant net stresses, isotropic compression tests and triaxial shear tests under constant suctions. The comparisons between measured and predicted results indicate that the model can quantitatively predict the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils.

利用本模型对本论文中膨润土与砂混合物的吸湿试验及常吸力下的压缩试验结果进行了预测，还对詹良通和吴宏伟(2006)进行的吸力控制的非饱和膨胀土三轴试验结果进行了预测，预测结果表明本模型能够定量的统一的描述膨胀性非饱和土的水力特性和力学性质。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。