三胚层的

Planaria is the most simple in three blastoderm animal, its nerve system is ladder-like.This is the bio- evolution of the nerve system.

三胚层动物扁形动物涡虫的神经元连接成梯形神经系，有原始的脑和两条神经索，反映了原始生命反射功能的进化和演变。

The metazoans in the Wenghui Biota had radiate symmetrical animals, including Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Trilobozoas, and bilateral symmetrical animals, including Annelida and possible Mollusca.

瓮会生物中宏体后生动物有海绵类、栉水母类、刺胞类和三叶类等两胚层辐射对称动物以及环节类和可能的软体类等三胚层两侧对称动物。

Under appropriate conditions, EG cells formed embryoid bodies in suspension culture and multiple types of differentiated cells in monolayer culture.

EG细胞在裸鼠体内形成畸胎瘤，包含来自三个胚层的分化细胞。

Objectives: Being able to simultaneously express all genes of germline, endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, bone marrow mesenchymal stem Cells are considered to have the potential to differentiate to other tissues and cell lines.

目的 骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal Stem Cells，MSCs)能同时表达内胚层、中胚层和外胚层等所有三个胚层的基因，具有向其它细胞和组织多向分化的潜能。

AFGF shows greatpotential for clinical applications for therapy of a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson'sdisease, spinal cord contusion injury, neural regeneration in reimplantation of broken-offfinger, brain ischemia, renal ischemia, myocardial infarction, occlusive vascularitis, retinalischemia, gastric ulcer and nonhealing wound and so on. We expressed human acid fibroblast growth factor gene transiently in tobacco byAgro-bacterium mediated vacuum infiltration and studied the factors, which influenced theexpression level.

人类酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF，FGF-1)是成纤维细胞生长因子超家族成员，来自于三个胚层的多种细胞都可以表达aFGF.aFGF在治疗帕金森综合症、急性脊柱扭曲性损伤、断指中神经功能重建、脑缺血、肾缺血、心肌梗塞、闭塞性脉管炎、视网膜缺血、胃溃疡及难愈合性伤口等多种临床应用方面具有巨大潜力。

The 28S rDNA molecular phylogenetic trees showed: 1 entoprocts and phylactolaemate ectoprocts constituted a sister group, strenghthening the opinion that entoprocts should be reunited into phylum Bryozoa; 2 the cheilostome gymnolaemates was obviously non-monophyletic; 3 bryozoans itself was polyphyletic beyond any doubt, its main lineages were scattered in different positions of the lophotrochozoan trees; 4 to our great interests, the phylogenetic position of cheilostomes was between the diploblastic and the triploblastic, indicating they may play an important role during the evolution route from the diplobastic to the triploblastic animals.

28S rDNA分子系统树显示，内肛动物和被唇类外肛动物聚在一起并互为姐妹群，支持将内肛动物重新归入苔藓动物门的结论；唇口目裸唇类外肛动物绝非单系发生；苔藓动物本身也不是单系发生的，其主要类群分别位于触手冠担轮动物系统树的不同位置，特别是，唇口目苔藓动物的系统地位介于二胚层动物和其它三胚层动物之间，可能是二胚层动物向三胚层动物演化过程中的一个关键类群。

Diploblastic cnidarians as the outgroups, the phylogenetic trees of bryozoans and lophotrochozoans were reconstructed by the 28S rDNA analyses of theirs and other related bilaterians obtained through GenBank with different methods, respectively. Meanwhile, the primary and predicted secondary structures of their partial divergent 28S rDNA domains were compared and analysed.

结合GenBank上其他三胚层动物的相关序列数据，以二胚层刺胞动物为外类群，运用遗传分析软件，以不同方法构建了苔藓动物以及触手冠担轮动物的分子系统树；同时绘制了各代表类群28S rDNA的部分多变区的二级结构，并对其形态学特征进行了比较分析。

RT-PCR results indicate the gastrulation and germ lines relating genes expression modes are different.

RT-PCR结果显示，在Wnt3a与Activin A共同作用下，原肠作用基因及三胚层发育相关基因表达的时间有差异。

Chordates are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented coelomates which demonstrate a deuterostomic pattern of early embryonic development.

脊索动物两侧对称、三胚层，分节的体腔，在胚胎发育的早期过程中，显示为后口类型。

There were all kinds of tissue cells in the teratomas acquired from in-vitro differentiation, such as, neuro epithelium, skeletal muscle, respiratory epithelium. This further proved the isolated mouse ES cells could differentiate into three germ layers of tissue types.

体内分化实验所获得的畸胎瘤中存在各种组织细胞，如一些神经上皮样组织；横纹肌；呼吸上皮样组织等，这进一步证明所分离获得的小鼠ES细胞具有三个胚层的分化能力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。