三维的

The unsaturated and compacted soil triaxial test result under constant suction describes the unsaturated soil critical state surface in p-q-s three dimensional space: in p - q plane, the slope M of critical state line is independent of suction; the cross line of LC yield surface and critical state surface is a curve with extremum in three dimensional stress space, and its projection in p-s plane is located in quadrant 1 in triaxial compression state; its projection in q-s plane has asymptote, and there should also be asymptote in respect of the curve that stands for the function relationship between cohesive and suction.

基于局部变形测量的常吸力非饱和压实土三轴剪切试验结果，全面描述了非饱和土p—g—s三维应力空间中临界状态面的合理形态：在p—q平面，临界状态线斜率M是与吸力无关的物理量；临界状态面与LC屈服面交线在三维应力空间中是一条存在极值的曲线；该交线在p—s平面的投影曲线在三轴压缩应力状态下应位于第一象限；该交线在q—s平面的投影曲线应存在渐近线；反映凝聚力与吸力关系的函数曲线也应存在渐近线。

On the one hand, the component method is introduced into flowchart design, which can not only enlarge the depth and the connotation of the flowchart, but also extend the traditional concepts of the flowchart. By combining the component method and the objectoriented method, it will be easy to illustrate the industry flow and meet with the future requirements of the industry control software. On the other hand, the trajectory concepts in plane moving, the method of using Bezier Curve to approach the 1/4 arc to implement the arc circumrotation, the method of using graphic elements' combination to extend the expression capability, and the method of combining the graphic elements'combination, three-dimensional graphic elements and bitmaps to realize the three-dimensional effects to express the industry flow more realistic are brought forward in this dissertation.

工控软件中最能够体现人机接口设计创造性的画面当属流程图，本文对流程图设计进行了深入研究，提出了一种工控软件流程图设计的新方法：一方面在流程图设计中引入部件化方法，扩展流程图的深度与内涵，延伸了流程图的传统概念与意义，将部件化技术与面向对象技术相结合，能够更好地实现对工艺过程的描述并适应工控软件的未来发展要求；另一方面对流程图中动画关联和三维化这些新兴领域进行了研究，提出了平移动画中的&轨道&概念，以实现图元的沿曲线平移，提出了在圆弧旋转动画中用Bezier曲线逼近〓圆弧的工程化方法，并用最小二乘法进行了验证和工程化参数的获取，实现了利用图元组合来扩展流程图的表达能力，采用了图元组合、三维图元和位图相结合的方法来实现逼真的三维效果，以使工控软件更加符合人机工学，更能形象地反映工艺流程。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

Through simulation of the real process of thomcolumbar burst fracture and use of modem dynamics techniques, the present study was (1) to investigate the kinetic relationship between structural damage and impact energy absorption and dynamics mechanism of thoracolumbar burst fracture by quantitative analysis of various injured segments;(2) to explore the instability mechanism of L1 vertebral burst fracture and its injury threshold by three-dimensional analysis of the injured segment with stereophotogrammetry in combination of transient physical parameters, anatomy and image;(3) to explore the corresponding relationships between impact energy, geometry parameters and biomechanics by geometry and biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar burst fracture, which may provide an objective standard for evaluation of spinal injury severity and experimental evidence for adoption of biomechanical treatment in clinic;(4) to evaluate the fixation effect of different instruments and the effect of intervertebral bone graft on segment fixation by analysis of the threedimensional stability of different internal fixation instruments and their decompression of the spinal canal, which may provide experimental evidence for therapeutical selection for thoracolumbar burst fracture in future; and finally to investigate the effect of various instrument fixation on dynamical characteristics by comparison and quantitative analysis of frequency and amplitude responses, which may provide certain theories and experimental evidence for application of vibration test to judge the stability of the spine.

本研究从胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折发生的实际过程出发，以现代动力学检测及计算机多通道高性能数据采集分析系统等高新技术为基础，实时量化分析损伤节段的工程参数，揭示了结构破坏与能量吸收的变化规律，探讨了胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的瞬态损伤机制；利用三维立体摄像技术，对不同损伤程度的节段进行三维运动分析，结合瞬态物理参数、影像学和病理解剖，明确了〓椎体爆裂骨折的失稳机制及损伤阈值；通过对胸腰椎爆裂骨折的几何学变化及生物力学分析，明确了撞击能量与几何参数、几何参数与生物力学的相应关系，为评判脊柱损伤程度提供了客观标准，为治疗中采取适宜的生物力学方法提供了实验依据；通过对比分析不同内固定器械的三维稳定性和对椎管的减压作用，评价不同器械的复位固定作用，同时比较椎体间植骨对节段固定作用的影响，为今后临床胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的治疗选择提供依据；利用振动测试与分析技术，比较及量化分析了不同致伤状况的频幅响应特征，比较分析了各种器械固定对动力学特性的影响，为今后临床建立基于振动测试与分析技术判断脊柱稳定性的诊断方法，提供了一定的理论和实验依据。

3D model holds more rich information thatn 2D image, so implementing face recognition on 3D face model is one of the effective approaches to tackle the present problems.

三维人脸模型具有比二维人脸图像更丰富的信息，利用三维信息是完成人脸识别的另一有效途径。

The new method for seismic attribute analysis colligates information of seismic,logs and geology by crossplot and broadcast and cluster with the methodology of science instead of analysis with handcraft and eyeballing.With the method,seismic attribute analysis plays an important role in subtle traps exploration. \r\n

指出新型的地震属性分析方法一改以往的手工、目测分析方法，充分利用了二维、三维及多维交汇方法，为属性分选、分析提供了便利的操作手段；新型的地震属性方法还运用科学分类方法，综合地震、测井、地质信息，把剖面、平面及分类结果结合到一起，通过三维一体的相互信息映射，在储层预测中的目标初选及目标分析中起到了举足轻重的作用，真正做到了属性分析的科学性、实用性。

The nonlinear characteristic of 2-D PSD is checked in a long collimating distance of 78 meters.

利用多层前馈神经网络建立了入射光实际位置与二维PSD输出坐标以及准直距离间的空间三维映射关系，进而对PSD的空间三维非线性进行修正。

The book said:"gossip Yang Yao '-' and Yin Yao '--' 3 overlap in the form of something to 'number of days''days of the system' has the meaning" and cited "days Sanko, Sun Moon Star"( Ban Gu,"Bai Hu Tong · Feng Gong Hou") certificates. This argument is also wrong: the ancient's "days" refers to an astronomical count one and not confined to Sun Moon Star Sanko.

在《易经》和阴阳八卦学理中，&阴阳两仪&指的是天、地或阴阳二性、阴阳二气均不是&线&，&四象&指四时、四方或老阴、老阳、少阴、少阳四种属性，&八卦&指八种基本物质天、地、水、火、雷、风、山、泽，&六十四卦&及其三百八十四爻可以象征和指代万事万物，均处于四维时空中，而并无一维、二维、三维、六维之别。

Results show that the convergence is improved evidently.(3). The hybrid model which combines three-dimensional simulation in turbine and zero-dimensional simulation in the other engine components is built in the present paper after learning the zooming technique from NASA. The matching between components in a single-shaft turbojet engine after the turbine retrofitting is studied.

在对以上三种不同层次的数学模型及其解法进行了研究的基础上，鉴于NASA的部件一维仿真与总体零维仿真相结合的ZOOMING技术，本文采用将涡轮的全三维仿真与发动机总体的零维仿真相结合的方案，对某单轴涡喷发动机在涡轮改型后的匹配问题进行了研究。

The main contents and results of research in this paper are shown as following: It is important to built the motion model of a virtual system. As the virtual object is the submarine in this simulation system, we studied on the motion model of the submarine and gave the submarine six DOF space motion equation MultiGen-Paradigm corporation's modeling software named Creator is used, the modeling of all entities and 3D terrain in virtual ocean environment is accomplished. Then introduced the theory of Large Area Database Management and realized the Large area database management; In the course of 3D scene simulation, Vega is utilized to develop the project. The building of 3D scene is done, which includes the simulation of static and dynamic ocean surface, realization of ocean wave, simulation of bow wave and stern wake, utilization of lighting and material, simulation of cloud and fog, kinematics' modeling of submarine etc.

论文的主要研究工作和成果包括以下一些内容：建立虚拟对象的运动模型是构造一个虚拟系统的关键所在，建立的运动模型准确与否直接关系仿真对象模拟的逼真度，由于本仿真系统的虚拟对象是潜艇，所以对潜艇的运动模型进行了研究，给出潜艇空间六自由度运动方程；利用MultiGen-Paradigm公司的Creator建模软件完成虚拟海洋环境中个实体模型建模和三维海底地形模型的建模；然后介绍了大地形数据库管理(LADBM，Large Area Database Management)技术的基本原理，实现大地形数据库管理；在三维场景仿真中，使用Vega驱动软件进行软件开发，完成了三维场景空间的建立，主要包括动态和静态海洋的仿真、海浪、船首波浪和传尾尾迹的实现，灯光和材质的使用，云和雾的模拟等。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失