三维的

3D reconstruction is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision. This project uses CAD model to increase the accuracy,robustness and speed of 3D reconstruction and five different works are conducted: 1 research on space curve 3D reconstruction method based on high curvature point nad turning point; 2 free-form curve 3D reconstruction based on B-spline and BURBS; 3 Active surface affine reconstruction based on single frame; 4 Matching and reconstruction of 3D sparse points; Data fitting method based on the iteration of nearest point.

三维重建是计算机视觉中公认的难题，本项目使用CAD模型来提高三维重建的精度、稳健性和速度的思路，围绕着空间曲线和曲面的三维重建和匹配开展了以下五个方面的研究：1）基于高曲率点和拐点分割的空间曲线三维重建方法研究；2）基于B样条和NURBS表示的空间自由曲线三维重建方法研究；3）基于单帧图像的有源曲面仿射重建；4）三维离散数据的匹配与重建；5）基于迭代最近点的数据拟合方法。

This software package is of the following capabilities: top view display, line plot, net plot, surface plot, section analysis, background plane reduction, zoom, 1-D or 2-D Fourier transformation, power density analysis, restoration of STM images, smoothing, low pass or high pass filter, BMP file output, printing images etc.

STM图象是三维数字图象，考虑到其它自制仪器的需要，编写了通用三维图象处理软件，其中包括：黑白灰度、伪彩色顶视图显示，三维线形图、网格图显示，真三维立体图显示，剖面线分析，背景平面扣除和斜面校正，灰度直方图平坦化，卷积滤波边缘增强，选区放大和插值处理，一维、二维Fourier变换，功率谱分析，STM图象复原，噪声扣除和STM图象格式文件输出，打印等。

In this paper, the principle and method of 3D visualization by geodesic coordinate system of ellipsoidal surface are proposed.A three-dimensional model for geographic information system visualization by ellipsoid-based digital terrain model is suggested for the first time.

虽然三维GIS在理论研究方面已经有了很大进展，但实现一个成熟完整的三维GIS系统还是相当困难的，目前在实际应用中与三维GIS相关的大多集中在三维可视化方面，如城市三维景观模型[1～ 3] 、矿区模型[4 ] 等。

The coordinate transformation and numerical integration was executed on the discretized tetrahedral elements based on which the 3-D MT vector-finite element method was implemented. A whole computation framework for 3-D vector-finite element method with unstructured mesh was given. Based on this some typical models were tested which has demonstrated that our algorithm could distinctively avoid problems caused by the fake solution and both the accuracy and efficiency were enhanced which made our algorithm has a bright future for further application.3. According to theory of Sobolev vector space and the discretization of Helmholtz space, the error estimate which was suitable for 3-D MT vector-finite element modeling was deduced by which the procedure of adaptive technique was guaranteed.4. Based on the fully unstructured tetrahedralization and optical strategy, the 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element method was presented through combining the error estimate. With this work, the accuracy and creditableness for 3-D MT complicatedly modeling was guaranteed.5. The 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element algorithm with unstructured mesh was implemented.

针对非结构化的四面体单元，采用坐标变换和数值积分方法，实现了MT三维矢量有限单元分析，建立起基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元计算流程，并对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟，结果对比和分析表明，基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元不仅消除了节点型有限元的伪解，而且具有很高的计算精度和速度，有广阔的应用前景。3、根据Sobolev函数的向量空间和Hemlholtz空间的分解，推导出基于残差的三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，为三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元数值模拟的实现奠定了基础。4、在完全非结构化四面体单元剖分及优化基础上，结合三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，提出了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算策略，保证了对复杂大地电磁模型数值计算的精度和可靠性。5、实现了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算流程，对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟。

In view of the demand of computerized eye-glasses-wearing system, an approach to match two dimensional (2D) human head images with 3D glasses frame graphics in 3D space has been proposed. First, the operator points out three or six key points, which are used to locate 3D eye-glasses frame, on the human face image displayed on the computer screen interactively.

论文针对计算机化眼镜配戴系统的要求，提出了一种在三维空间匹配二维人头图象和三维眼镜图形的方法，即通过人机交互方法，由操作者在显示于计算机屏幕上的二维人头图象上，指出确定三维眼镜位置的三个或六个关键点的二维坐标及其三维对应点，从而可以近似求出人面朝向及视点坐标，再用相应位置上的三维通用人头图形替换二维人面图象，计算人面和眼镜间的遮挡关系并显示，从而完成二者的空间匹配。

3D solid visualization class and 3D surface visualization class have thefunction of visualizing the scalar and vector. Moreover, 3D surface visualization classcan produce 2D data file. Picture class provides function of marking on the picture.

其次，运用 VTK 标量和矢量可视化技术实现了三维数据场的矢量和标量可视化，包括三维体数据场标量和矢量单视区显示及三维体数据场剖面标量和矢量单视区/四视区显示；使三维面数据可视化类具备了三维面数据场标量单视区显示功能和剖切面生成二维数据文件的功能，并且在三维面数据可视化类中内嵌了数据预处理算法。

The invention discloses the anti-fake method by using the 3D stereoscopic icon, which can show 3D stereoscopic icons and hide the confidential image information in the 3D stereoscopic icons, comprising the following steps of: obtaining parameters, inputting confidential images and grey images; then using a visual divided storage method to build n visual divided storage images, using a 3D stereograph method to build n 3D stereoscopic images, adjusting the sizes of the n visual divided storage images and the n 3D stereoscopic images and dividing the n visual divided storage images and the n 3D stereoscopic images into a plurality of basic blocks; finally random choosing the basic blocks in the corresponding positions in the visual divided storage images or the 3D stereoscopic images to build n 3D stereoscopic and visual divided storage icons, etc.

为了既能三维立体显示图标，又能在三维显示的图标中隐藏秘密图像信息，本发明公开了利用三维立体图标防伪的方法，包括获取参数，输入秘密图像和灰度图像；然后利用可视分存方法构造n幅可视分存图，利用三维立体画方法构造n幅三维立体图，调整所述n幅可视分存图和所述n幅三维立体图大小并分成多个基本块；最后随机选取可视分存图或三维立体图中相应位置处的基本块，构造n幅三维立体可视分存图标等步骤。

By the numerical analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity of two- and three-dimensional footing under combined loading mode, the results show that the effect of alteration of underground water lever on bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundation is more than on that of two-dimensional foundation, the effect of soil gravity on bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundation is more than that of two-dimensional foundation. At the same time, the numerical calculation process of ABAQUS indicates that whether the geostatic stress is balanced or not has great effect on the numerical convergence. In view of the effect extent of dilation angle of soil on the ultimate bearing capacity and the failure pattern of foundation, the condition of two-dimensional plane strain is higher than that of the three-dimensional foundation.

复合加载模式下，通过对三维矩形基础和二维条形基础进行数值分析，结果表明：黏性土地基中地下水位的变化，对三维矩形基础极限承载力的影响程度高于对二维条形基础的影响；在求解地基极限承载力的过程中，土体重度对三维矩形基础的影响明显高于对二维条形基础的影响，同时ABAQUS数值计算过程表明，地基土体地应力能否合理平衡，对数值求解过程中是否收敛有很大的影响；就土体剪胀角对地基极限承载力的影响程度而言，二维平面应变情况下土体剪胀角对极限承载力的影响比三维情况下的影响更明显，即土体剪胀角对条形基础极限承载力的影响高于三维矩形基础。

Questions in this content area are based on the properties and relations of plane figures, including angles and relations among perpendicular and parallel lines; properties of circles, triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids; transformation; the concept of proof and proof techniques; volume; and applications of geometry to three dimensions.

平面几何（23％）。这方面的考试内容是基于平面图形的性质及关系，包括角度，垂直线和平行线之间的关系；圆，三角形，矩形，平行四边形和梯形的特性；图形的转化；几何证明的概念和证明的技巧；体积以及几何在三维的应用。

They believed that the audio was very good for a Nintendo DS game, predicting that "it'd still scare the pants of the hard-of-hearing." Despite being a 2D game, GameSpy still found that the 2D and 3D elements blended together perfectly in New Super Mario Bros. The game's overall experience pleased 1UP.com, which applauded Nintendo's ability to once again create an enjoyable, solid, and challenging portable experience.

他们认为对任天堂DS游戏来说音频是非常好的，并预测，&这会是听觉上的冲击&尽管是一个2D游戏，游戏还发现，二维和三维的内容混合在一起就是全新超级马利兄弟，在1UP.com所有的评价都是是对任天堂的能力赞许，因为他创造一个愉快的，坚实的娱乐环境，并具有挑战性的经验。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失