三维

In this paper, resource and feature of three-dimensional data model to the arch tunnel and interior installation are mainly researched; design thinking of the arch tunnel model is given out; algorithms of three-dimensional model about tunnel body and the joint part of the adjacent to tunnel body are achieved; in addition, relevance algorithms of texture mapping technology to interior in tunnel body and three-dimensional model of interior installation of tunnel are also researched.

主要研究了拱形巷道及其内部设备三维建模的数据来源和特点；给出了拱形巷道建模的设计思路；研究了实现巷道体和相邻巷道体之间连接处三维建模的算法；另外也研究了实现巷道体内部纹理贴图技术及巷道内部设备三维建模的相关算法；研究了实现三维巷道漫游的算法。

Three-dimensional of model tunnel, texture mapping to three-dimensional interior of tunnel、three-dimensional model of interior installation of tunnel and three-dimensional tunnel cruise are achieved using OpenGL in VC++.

在VC++。NET开发环境下使用OpenGL实现了三维巷道模型、三维巷道内部纹理贴图、三维巷道内部设备模型及三维巷道漫游。

It was shown that the 3D deformation in the tunnel at soft rock was obvious at F7 fault and phyllite section, with the characteristics of large deformation and longitudinal displacement developing in the opposite direction of work face and being stable at a distance about 2.0 times of tunnel diameter from the work face. And the 3D displacement of tunnels at F7 fault zone developed in an uneven symmetrical way, while there was good consistency for 3D deformation at slate section. Furthermore, there was a mutally verifying relationship between 3D deformation and ground stress distribution of tunnel region.

结果表明，F7断层和千枚岩地段软岩隧道三维位移十分明显，具有隧道大变形特性，其纵向位移背离开挖面方向发展并在相距开挖面约2.0倍洞径时趋于稳定状态；F7断层地段隧道三维位移呈不均匀对称地发展变化，而板岩地段三维位移变化的一致性较好；隧道三维变形规律与隧道区域地应力场的分布存在相互印证关系。

The graph in isometric drawing must be consistent with the topology relations in the threedimensional model, but not be drawn in one uniform scale. Based on the result of analyzing the rules in isometric drawing, the templatebased method is proposed for representing the different and unrelated drawing rules in an uniformed way.

ISO图模型的建立：针对ISO图的自动生成时所需的工厂管道的三维模型和二维图纸模型的统一性要求，提出了一种基于点线关系模型的二三维一体化模型解决方案，把三维空间中工厂管道模型和二维图纸空间中的管道图形统一起来，为二三维模型中的各种功能提供了基础。

Investigation and discussion is various the portrait equipment having the three-dimensional body imaging function applies to hitting the target clinically, many row CT are worth to the application that the bone and arthrotrauma fracture 3-D rebuild, helix CT valuation in cultivating operation in the tooth, helix CT 3

探讨多种具有三维立体成像功能的影像设备在临床中的应用，多排CT对骨与关节外伤性骨折三维重建的应用价值，螺旋CT在牙种植手术中的评价，螺旋CT三维重建在胫骨平台骨折中的应用，三维重建技术的实现可以准确地提供影像诊断和医疗决策。

Investigation and discussion is various the portrait equipment having the three-dimensional body imaging function applies to hitting the target clinically, many row CT are worth to the application that the bone and arthrotrauma fracture 3-D rebuild, helix CT valuation in cultivating operation in the tooth, helix CT 3-D rebuilds in application in tibia platform fracture , 3-D rebuilds the technology realization to be able to provide the portrait diagnose and the medical treatment decision-making accurately.

中国医科大学临床医学七年制，沈阳， 110001）择要：探讨多种具有三维立体成像功用的影像装备在临床中的应用，多排CT对骨与关节外伤性骨折三维重建的应用价值，螺旋CT在牙种植手术中的评价，螺旋CT三维重建在胫骨平台骨折中的应用，三维重建技术的实现可以准确地提供影像诊断和医疗决策。

Although the EPRI give a set of the approximate engineering solution method, actually the crack of parts in engineering project mostly presents inner 3D effect. If using 2D elastic-plastic or 3D elastic analysis, the result can't be precise. Because these methods have neglected the reassignation of the stress and strain which happened at nearly the top of cracks, carrying on 3D elastic-plastic analysis and J-integral calculation become the foundational work to study the expander and safety assessment of the pressure vessel cracks.

虽然EPRI给出了一套近似的工程解法，但实际上工程中构件的裂纹大多呈现内在的三维效应，若使用二维弹塑性或三维弹性分析必然不够精确，因为对裂纹的&等效&二维表达忽视了发生在靠近裂纹端部的应力和应变的再分配，所以对压力容器裂纹进行三维弹塑性分析及其J积分是研究压力容器裂纹扩展和安全评定的基础工作之一。

There are two methods are often used. A method is constructing some separate polyhedrons from vertex and edges of 3D wire-frame and combine the polyhedrons with each other one by one. Another is extracting wire-frame to some candidate faces and joining them up according to the nature of 3D object.In this paper, an algorithm of reconstructing 3D object from wire-frame was put forward.

目前有两种方法：一种是把三维实体看成由多个多面体组成的，相应的方法是将线框模型拆分成多个多面体，然后进行多面体的拼接组合重构三维实体；另一种方法是把三维实体看作由多个面组成的，相应方法是搜索可行面并根据三维实体的特点来重构。

Using BOT generation algorithm,the block model was redivided with octree as general shape description and TEN as partial precise description,in which different gradation of grey were used to stand for different attributes of unit blocks.

如何高效地组织管理三维空间数据，构建三维实体模型已成为三维G IS成功应用的关键。目前在三维G IS中，可以将三维数据模型分为两类，即基于面表示的数据模型和基于体表示的数据模型。

Aiming at three-dimensional construction of point object,lease square-method is usually used in traditional method.

中文摘要：双目立体视觉研究利用二维投影图像恢复三维景物世界的问题，其中三维重构是立体视觉测量过程的主要组成部分之一，是从二维图像恢复三维景物的关键环节。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。