三维

Finding 3D edges directly from 2D points, the algorithm is superior to the general algorithms in this field; introducing a cylinder as an additional subobject, it extends the domain of 3D objects which can be generated by the general algorithms for reconstruction.

算法直接由二维点求三维边，从而改进了这一领域的一般算法。通过引入圆柱体作为附加的子实体，扩充了一般算法产生的三维实体域。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

Using a one--dimensional differential thermocline model, we simulated the temperature and thermocline of Yellow and Bohai Sea.

本论文建立了黄渤海环流的三维斜压模式，进行了黄渤海三维环流的数值模拟研究，另外，用一个温跃层一维微分模式对黄渤海的温度及跃层现象进行了数值模拟，最后，建立了一个黄渤海温度及环流的数值模式。

Rendering 2D GIS layer in 3D environment is the key problem of realizing compact type of the two and three dimensional integration GIS system.

在三维系统中实时渲染二维图层是实现紧密型二三维结合GIS的关键。

On the computer screen is a two-dimensional, and we were able to appreciate the really as like-kind three-dimensional image displayed on the computer screen, because the color gray when different people produce the visual illusion of eyes, while the two-dimensional Perception of three-dimensional images on the computer screen.

是在电脑屏幕上一个二维的，我们能够体会到真正的喜欢实物的三维图像在计算机屏幕上显示的，因为颜色灰时，不同的人产生视觉错觉的眼睛，而两个立体知觉三维图像在计算机屏幕上。

Methods: 12 fresh frozen adult leg-foot specimens were mounted in a coordinated system, a Steinmann pin was perforated across the calcaneus, cuboidcum, talus, and naviculare as markers. The displacements of the marked points in the coordinated system were recorded. Through matrix translation and Euler equation, the rotational angle of the calcaneus, cuboideum, talus, naviculare were calculated, which represented the motion of the calcaneocuboid, talonavicular and ankle joint in different condition respectively, while statistical analysis were also taken between different conditions.

取新鲜足标本12例，通过加载使足产生某种形式的运动，用三维数字化坐标仪测量距下关节组成骨在某种运动状态下的相对三维坐标位移，通过矩阵转换和求解非线性函数方程计算其三维旋转角度，确定距下关节的运动范围、规律和在足整体运动中的作用。

For the problem of Joshi's formula without π in the denominator of vertical seepage resistance term and the treatment of eccentricity as well as the differences between 2-D and 3-D seepage flow field, corresponding improvement method was proposed.

推导出了上下封闭边界中无限大油藏水平井的三维稳态产能解析公式，针对Joshi公式中垂直方向渗流阻力分母上少π的问题，偏心距的处理问题以及简化的二维渗流场与三维渗流场之间的差异问题进行了研究，并提出相应的改进方法。

The 3D topography of fractured surfaces was reconstructed and quantified by the means of SEM stereo pairs, image processing and analysis, and computer vision. It was shown that measured 3D roughness indexes Rs, Rq and Rmax have good positive relations to the crack propagation part of absorbed impact energy. Although fractal behavior had been checked out on the fractured surfaces, the fractal dimension was found nonsensitive to the fracture mode and mechanical properties. The geometric characteristics of fractal fractured surfaces should be quantified in fractal dimension together with absolute parameters.

利用扫描电镜立体对技术、图像处理与分析和计算机视觉方法对示波冲击断口形貌进行了三维重建和定量分析结果表明，断口三维粗糙度指数Rs，Rq和Rmax与示波冲击裂纹扩展功有很好的对应关系，显示了它们良好的应用前景断面虽然表现出分形行为，但分形维数是一个对断裂模式和性能不敏感参量对分形断口的几何特征描述应将分维和绝对尺度结合起来

The orthograph can be transformed to the 3D graphics by using 3D functions in AutoCAD, thus all analysis and reasoning for the solution can be clearly visualized in 3D space, and then by baking to the 2D environment the solution can be easily made.

借助AutoCAD的三维图形功能，可将平面正投影图转化为空间三维图形，在三维空间进行分析、推理和求解，然后再返回二维作图，使解题过程概念清晰，可视性强。

VOF method was used to track the shape and location of free face, and PISO method was used to couple the velocity field and pressure field. By the 2-D and 3-D numerical simulations of the flow in sprinkler component under different states, the preliminary flow law of the sprinkler was revealed for the first time.

6采用三维非定常N-S方程作为控制方程，利用标准κ-ε紊流模型封闭雷诺时均方程，并利用VOF方法求解追踪自由表面的形状和位置，采用PISO算法耦合速度压力场，首次对喷头射流元件内部流动的不同运行状态进行了二维、三维数值模拟，初步揭示了内部流动的一般规律。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。