三维

We have researched a method of coordinate rotation of 3D converted wave data, binning and calculating 3D converted point, that is to make coordinate rotation for all seismic traces in each gather of converted wave common-shot point.

研究了三维转换波资料坐标旋转、面元划分及三维共转换点计算方法，即将每一个转换波共炮点道集内所有地震道进行坐标旋转，旋转后的转换波道集在炮检距、纵横波速度已知的条件下，用迭代方法计算三维转换点的平面坐标，并绘制在平面上。

At the same time, some defects are pointed out: present fabrics are not properly applied, and most of looms can't produce woven perform whose property is similar in different directions. Their shearing strength are lower, utilization of mechanical properties are also smaller;Although three-dimensional braided composites is of excellent integrated structure, normal braided fiber is traveled from internal to external surface, which is passed through braider and becomes three-dimensional structure. If the external surface is cut or rubbed , it's possible for the fiber to break down. In addition , the shape of perform is easily changed after it's finished . To deal with respective shortcomings and highlight their own advantages, we're searching a new weaving method which is the combination between weaving and braiding .

但它们各自也具有许多缺点：目前机织物适应性不够，大多数织机还不能加工三维各向同性的机制预型件，材料剪切性能较低，力学性能利用率低；三维编织复合材料虽然具有良好的结构整体性，但常用的编织都是纤维从内表面穿到外表面，即穿过编织件的断面成三维结构，用这种方法制成的结构，如果外表面受到摩擦或切割损伤，就有可能导致结构的解体，此外编织结构的织物易变形，所以我们需要考虑一种新的结构，能同时发挥各自优势，又能同时克服二者缺点，这就是机织与编织结构相结合的方法。

For the theory, method and technique of 3D color information collected, the method for obtaining 3D space coordinate and color information of object with active illuminated multi-channel synchro scanning is presented, and the theory and method of 3D sensor and color sensor of calibration, which is the calibration techniques of BP neural network and linear partition and the method of integrating them, is also studied. A filament calibration target for 3D color system is designed and made. And the calibration of multiple sensors and the matching of 3D space coordinate information and color information, and the automatic matching of multiple sensors are realized with cameral calibration technique presented and filament calibration target designed.

在三维彩色信息获取的理论、方法、技术方面，提出采用主动照明的多通道同步扫描方法获取被测物体三维空间坐标和彩色信息，以BP神经网络、线性分区及其组合标定技术研究了三维传感器和彩色传感器标定理论和方法，设计并研制了用于三维彩色系统的细丝标定靶，并利用所提出的摄像机标定方法和细丝标定靶实现了多个传感器的标定、物体三维空间坐标信息与彩色信息的匹配及多传感器数据的自动匹配。

On the one hand, the component method is introduced into flowchart design, which can not only enlarge the depth and the connotation of the flowchart, but also extend the traditional concepts of the flowchart. By combining the component method and the objectoriented method, it will be easy to illustrate the industry flow and meet with the future requirements of the industry control software. On the other hand, the trajectory concepts in plane moving, the method of using Bezier Curve to approach the 1/4 arc to implement the arc circumrotation, the method of using graphic elements' combination to extend the expression capability, and the method of combining the graphic elements'combination, three-dimensional graphic elements and bitmaps to realize the three-dimensional effects to express the industry flow more realistic are brought forward in this dissertation.

工控软件中最能够体现人机接口设计创造性的画面当属流程图，本文对流程图设计进行了深入研究，提出了一种工控软件流程图设计的新方法：一方面在流程图设计中引入部件化方法，扩展流程图的深度与内涵，延伸了流程图的传统概念与意义，将部件化技术与面向对象技术相结合，能够更好地实现对工艺过程的描述并适应工控软件的未来发展要求；另一方面对流程图中动画关联和三维化这些新兴领域进行了研究，提出了平移动画中的&轨道&概念，以实现图元的沿曲线平移，提出了在圆弧旋转动画中用Bezier曲线逼近〓圆弧的工程化方法，并用最小二乘法进行了验证和工程化参数的获取，实现了利用图元组合来扩展流程图的表达能力，采用了图元组合、三维图元和位图相结合的方法来实现逼真的三维效果，以使工控软件更加符合人机工学，更能形象地反映工艺流程。

CT scan and 3D reconstruction are performed on the targets, and then space-based method is used for 3D segmentation of 3D CT images for congeneric tissues.

通过对目标进行CT扫描并进行三维重建，采用基于空间的方法，完成对同类属性组织CT三维图像的三维分割。

In the case of study, the better fittable algorithm of volume visualization is selected in accordance with the analysis of the software.

三维可视化是科学计算可视化和三维GIS密切联系的纽带，本文综述该方面的发展趋势，研究了两大类三维数据场可视化算法：表面拟合方法(Surface-fitting method)和直接体绘制(Direct Volume Rendering，DVR)。

The progress in 3 D visualization model in many areas and relative software is introduced. It is presented that 3 D visualization model study in geotechnic engineering far drop behind that in oil geology, studying of 3 D rock structure software used in geotechnic engineering is an urgent task in China.

三维可视化模型技术在相关行业的发展状况和软件开发程度不一，岩土工程领域岩体结构三维软件的开发和利用水平远低于石油地质和石油物探，在国内开发大型岩体结构三维可视化和分析软件系统是必要的。

Thethree-dimensional(3-D) finite element method was used to reconstruct the 3-D models of the mandibula , the firstinferior molar and the implant.

方法应用部分下颌骨 CT扫描图像建立下颌骨的三维有限元模型，根据测量数据建立种植体的三维有限元模型，建立半解剖式种植义齿牙冠的三维有限元模型

Through simulation of the real process of thomcolumbar burst fracture and use of modem dynamics techniques, the present study was (1) to investigate the kinetic relationship between structural damage and impact energy absorption and dynamics mechanism of thoracolumbar burst fracture by quantitative analysis of various injured segments;(2) to explore the instability mechanism of L1 vertebral burst fracture and its injury threshold by three-dimensional analysis of the injured segment with stereophotogrammetry in combination of transient physical parameters, anatomy and image;(3) to explore the corresponding relationships between impact energy, geometry parameters and biomechanics by geometry and biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar burst fracture, which may provide an objective standard for evaluation of spinal injury severity and experimental evidence for adoption of biomechanical treatment in clinic;(4) to evaluate the fixation effect of different instruments and the effect of intervertebral bone graft on segment fixation by analysis of the threedimensional stability of different internal fixation instruments and their decompression of the spinal canal, which may provide experimental evidence for therapeutical selection for thoracolumbar burst fracture in future; and finally to investigate the effect of various instrument fixation on dynamical characteristics by comparison and quantitative analysis of frequency and amplitude responses, which may provide certain theories and experimental evidence for application of vibration test to judge the stability of the spine.

本研究从胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折发生的实际过程出发，以现代动力学检测及计算机多通道高性能数据采集分析系统等高新技术为基础，实时量化分析损伤节段的工程参数，揭示了结构破坏与能量吸收的变化规律，探讨了胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的瞬态损伤机制；利用三维立体摄像技术，对不同损伤程度的节段进行三维运动分析，结合瞬态物理参数、影像学和病理解剖，明确了〓椎体爆裂骨折的失稳机制及损伤阈值；通过对胸腰椎爆裂骨折的几何学变化及生物力学分析，明确了撞击能量与几何参数、几何参数与生物力学的相应关系，为评判脊柱损伤程度提供了客观标准，为治疗中采取适宜的生物力学方法提供了实验依据；通过对比分析不同内固定器械的三维稳定性和对椎管的减压作用，评价不同器械的复位固定作用，同时比较椎体间植骨对节段固定作用的影响，为今后临床胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的治疗选择提供依据；利用振动测试与分析技术，比较及量化分析了不同致伤状况的频幅响应特征，比较分析了各种器械固定对动力学特性的影响，为今后临床建立基于振动测试与分析技术判断脊柱稳定性的诊断方法，提供了一定的理论和实验依据。

The stereo image pair is acquired by a pair of calibrated cameras. Global disparity of foot is estimated at first. After the image pair is preprocessed automatically, using non-contact information-collecting technique and phase-correlation method, which is based on complex wavelet, surface matching with sub-pixel accuracy in the frequency domain is carried out. By taking order matching constraint, continuity constraint and correlation constraint together, 3D point cloud of foot is reconstructed and 3D model of foot is built by mosaicking point cloud at various angles automatically. After normalization, high-order moments are compared, which is useful for the subsequent shoe last design.

运用已标定的双目照相机拍摄立体图像对，进行足部整体视差估计；在对立体图像对进行自动预处理后，采用非接触式的信息采集技术，运用基于复小波的相位相关技术对足部表面进行亚像素级小区域频域匹配，考虑顺序匹配约束、连续性约束和相关性约束条件，重建足部密集三维点云信息，并自动拼接不同角度点云生成相应的足部三维模型；对其归一化后，提取其高阶矩向量进行比对，为后续的三维鞋楦设计提供必要信息。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。