三尖的

These women, ages 61, 72 and 74 years, receiving long-term pergolide therapy for Parkinson's disease or restless legs syndrome, had valvular abnormalities strikingly similar to those induced by fenfluramine, ergot derivatives, or carcinoid. All three had severe, unexplained tricuspid regurgitation; two had predominantly right-sided congestive heart failure; and two had moderate aortic and mitral valve regurgitation. Histology revealed surface fibroproliferative lesions with preserved underlying valve architecture. Carcinoid was excluded, and none of the patients had taken anorectic drugs or ergots other than pergolide.

这3位妇女年龄分别为61、72及74岁，都长期服用pergolide来治疗帕金森氏症或睡眠脚动症，而且也都有不明原因的严重三尖瓣闭锁不全，就像因fenfluramine、麦角衍生物，或类癌肿瘤所引起的瓣膜异常情形一样；其中2位主要有右心衰竭，2位有中度的主动脉及二尖瓣的闭锁不全，组织学检查显现表面有纤维增生性的损伤，但瓣膜的结构仍然还在；类癌是被排除在外的，而且这3位妇女除了pergolide之外，都不曾服用过厌食剂或麦角类药物。

In bicuspid and tricuspid valve, ECs were round or ovary, the ECs of lower surface of these valves were more apparent polarity than that of upper surface of the valve. The ECs appeared rectangle and arrange in regular, in pectinate muscles of left and right atrium, In inferior vena cava, ECs looked like round, ovary or irregular shape, without apparent polarity but with a few short microvilli.

在二尖瓣与三尖瓣，细胞多呈圆形或卵圆形，其瓣膜下面的细胞排列较上面的细胞极性明显；在左、右心房的梳状肌，细胞多呈长方形，排列较规则；在下腔静脉，细胞呈圆形，卵圆形或不规则形，极性不明显，有少量低矮的微绒毛。

This thesis is aimming at the synthetic study of Cephalotaxine, construction of Stenine skeleton and consists of the following three parts:In Charpter 1 the isolation, chemical structure identification, biological activities of Cephalotaxine was described and reviewed total synthesis of Cephalotaxine via spiro compound.

本论文以三尖杉碱的合成及百部碱骨架的构筑为研究核心，共分为以下三部分内容。

The tricuspid valve does this between the right atrium and ventricle.

在右心房与右心室之间的是三尖瓣，而在左心房与左心室之间的是二尖瓣。

Methods The tricuspid valve function was evaluated by Doppler echocardiography in 903 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement during recent 10 years.

对接受二尖瓣置换术的903例病人术后三尖瓣功能进行了2～9年，平均（3.6 2.4）年的跟踪观察。

Methods The mitral (M1) and tricuspid (T1) valves componented of the first heart sound (S1), the aortic (A2) and pulmonary (P2) valves componented of the second heart sound (S2) were detected by short-time Fourier transformation spectrogram and Shannon engergy, in the high frequency resolution circumstance.

在频率分辨率较高的情况下，利用短时傅立叶变换声谱图和香农能量，提取出第1心音(S1)的主要成分二尖瓣关闭音(M1)、三尖瓣关闭音(T1)及第2心音(S2)的主要成分主动脉瓣关闭音(A2)、肺动脉瓣关闭音(P2)。

The results showed that the densities of NPY and CGRP-IR nerve fibers in atrioventricular valves of SHR were equal to that of the normal control Wistar-Kyotorats ,but the value of R of NPY-IR nerves,i.e.the ratio of the number of chordae tendineaes in wh...

但SHR二尖瓣及三尖瓣含NPY神经的R值，即心壁和乳头肌两个来源的含肽神经相延续所在的腱索数目与本片瓣膜上的总腱索数的比值，大于WKY大鼠；而SHR心瓣膜含CGRP神经的R值和WKY大鼠无差异。本文对SHR心瓣膜上含NPY和含CGRP神经的变化作了讨论。

The findings on physical examination included atrial fibrillation, a diffuse anterior chest heave and friction rub, and severe right heart failure.

在20出头时初次被诊断为三尖瓣下移，入院三年前患者拒绝了心脏移植手术，入院后检查发现房颤、弥散性心前区搏动和心包摩擦音，以及严重的右心衰竭。

Results A closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves with simultaneous opening of the aortic valve occurred exclusively during chest compression, resulting in forward blood flow in the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Peak forward aortic flow at a velocity of 58.8±11.6?cm/s was recorded during the compression phase.

结果 所有的6例病人，胸按压时，二尖瓣和三尖瓣关闭，同时主动脉瓣开放，前向血流自心室进入体循环和肺循环；发生在胸按压时的主动脉瓣峰值前向血流速度为58.8±11.6？

These include: the pre-VAD insertion examination of the heart and largevessels to exclude significant aortic regurgitation, tricuspidregurgitation, mitral stenosis, patent foramen ovale, or othercardiac abnormality that could lead to right-to-left shunt afterleft VAD placement, intracardiac thrombi, ventricular scars,pulmonic regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism,and atherosclerotic disease in the ascending aorta; and to assessright ventricular function; and the post-VAD insertion examinationof the device and reassessment of the heart and large vessels.

这些包括：（1） VAD 植入前心脏和大血管的检查以排除明显的主动脉反流、三尖瓣反流、二尖瓣狭窄、卵圆孔未闭或者可能引起左 VAD 植入后右向左分流的其他心脏异常，心内血栓、心室疤痕、肺动脉反流、肺动脉高压、肺栓塞和升主动脉粥样硬化疾病；并且评估右室功能；（2） VAD 植入后检查设备及再评估心脏和大血管。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。